County records.—(2 of 29) Box Elder, Weber.

Elevation range.—1289–1302 m (4230–4270 ft).

Flight season.—24 Aug–29 Aug (2 records only).

U.S. range.—Northern half of U.S., especially in the east; scattered records in the west; very few records south of Colorado, Kansas, and Missouri.

Utah range.—Map 1. Northern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Bear River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Lower elevation marshes, ephemeral wetlands (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—There are only 6 Utah records purported to be Aeshna constricta. The most recent specimen (OC #136236) was collected in 1983 by S.W. Dunkle at Corinne (Box Elder). Another A. constricta, collected at Farr West (Weber) in the early 1930s (Brown 1934), is housed at the UMMZ and has been confirmed as that species. The 4 other Utah records for A. constricta (Putnam 1876, Calvert 1908) are possibly Aeshna palmata, which was considered a synonym of A. constricta before Walker (1912) revised the genus (D. Paulson personal communication). One Salt Lake County specimen cited by Calvert (1908) is currently housed in the ANSP under A. palmata; the location of the other Salt Lake County specimen is unknown. The Utah County record (Putnam 1876) is most likely A. palmata due to its collection location (2438 m) in Summit (Santaquin) Canyon. The Beaver Canyon (Beaver) specimen (Calvert 1908) has not been located for confirmation but is also from a higher elevation area in southern Utah where A. palmata is currently common. With no new records since 1983, A. constricta appears to be rare in Utah and is possibly extirpated from the state. The most probable locations to find this species in Utah are the low-elevation marshes in Box Elder, Cache, and Weber Counties in mid- to late summer.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended SH.

County records.—(7 of 29) Cache, Daggett, Duchesne, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch. ELEVATION RANGE.—2621–3223 m (8600–10,575 ft). One nymph record from Cache County was found at 1707 m (Musser 1962).

Flight season.—29 Jun–5 Sep; records by month: Jun (1), Jul (8), Aug (10), Sep (1).

U.S. range.—Alaska, across Canada, south through the Great Lakes and northeastern U.S.; south down the Rockies to Colorado and northeastern Utah.

Utah range—Map 2. The high basins of the Uinta Mountains in northeastern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek, (Uintah), Beaver Creek (Daggett), Blacks Fork (Summit), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), Henrys Fork (Summit), Provo River, Rock Creek (Duchesne), Sheep Creek (Daggett), West Fork Bear River (Summit), Whiterocks River.

Habitat.—High mountain ponds and lakes.

Comments.—Aeshna eremita is a large robust darner that patrols the shorelines of high mountain ponds and lakes in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah. Although the geographical and elevation ranges of A. eremita are restricted in Utah, the species is often found in good numbers and is likely widespread throughout the Uinta Mountains. The Wasatch County record for Hourglass Lake listed in Musser (1962) is incorrect, as Hourglass Lake is located in Summit County. However, A. eremita has since been recorded from at least one location in Wasatch County. Although the Utah County record is a correct identification, no collection date is given and the location reads only “Provo, Utah,” which is doubtful. The nymph record collected by Musser (1962) at Dry Lake in Cache County (elevation 1707 m) is an unusual outlier. Utah State University students have collected at this location for many years, but no adults of A. eremita have been found there.

Rank.—G5, N4, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(27 of 29) all counties except Juab and Millard.

Elevation range.—1280–3200 m (4200–10,500 ft). One nymph record from Washington County was found at 853 m (Musser 1962).

Flight season.—1 Jun–3 Oct; records by month: Jun (10), Jul (49), Aug (51), Sep (18), Oct (1).

U.S. Range.—Alaska, Canada, northern U.S., south through the Rockies to Arizona and New Mexico, and south to central California.

Utah range.—Map 3. Widespread throughout Utah, especially in the mountains and mountain valleys.

Ecoregions.—All 7 ecoregions in Utah.

Drainages.—American Fork Creek, Ashley Creek and Dry Fork (Uintah), Bear River, Beaver and Carter Creek (Daggett), Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Blacksmiths Fork, City Springs in St. George [nymph record] (Washington), Clear Creek (Raft River Mountains, Box Elder), Daniels Creek (Wasatch), Deep Creek (Washington), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Duchesne River, Duck Creek (Kane), Ephraim Canyon Creek (Sanpete), Escalante River (upper tributaries), Farmington Creek, Geyser Creek (San Juan), Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Hobble Creek (Utah), Hobble Creek—tributary of the Strawberry River (Wasatch), In dian Creek (San Juan), Kolob Creek (Washing ton), Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Logan River, Mill Creek (Grand), North Creek (Garfield), Oak Creek (Sanpete), Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Pleasant Creek (Garfield), Polk Creek (Wayne), Price River, Provo River, Sevier River, Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Soldier Creek (Utah), South Willow Creek (Tooele), Taylor Creek in Zion NP, Weber River, West Fork Bear River (Summit), West Fork Duchesne River, Whiterocks River.

Habitat.—Marshes, ponds, slow-moving streams and stream backwaters in valleys and canyons; ponds and lakes in the mountains.

Comments.—Aeshna interrupta is a common species that ranges throughout Utah at a wide range of elevations and a variety of wetlands. However, most records are from clear, unpolluted waters in the mountains and mountain valleys. It has not been found in the desert areas of the Great Basin. Adults usually appear earlier in the season than Aeshna palmata at a given location.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(5 of 29) Daggett, Duchesne, Summit, Uintah, Wasatch.

Elevation range.—2621–3207 m (8600–10,520 ft).

Flight season.—29 Jun–5 Sep.

U.S. range.—Alaska, Canada, and extreme northeastern U.S.; south through the Cascades to Oregon and south through the Rockies to Utah, Colorado, and northern New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 4. Scattered populations throughout the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Upper reaches of Ashley Creek (Uintah), Beaver Creek and Sheep Creek (Daggett), Burnt Fork (Summit), Provo River, Whiterocks River.

Habitat.—High mountain bogs and sedge ponds, less common at larger, deeper lakes, even when lined with sedges.

Comments.—Aeshna juncea is one of several boreal dragonflies whose Utah distribution is limited to the higher elevations of the Uinta Mountains in northeastern Utah. It appears to be less common and more local than Aeshna eremita. However, there are many areas where this species may exist in the Uinta Mountains Wilderness Area that are not accessible except by horse or on foot and that have not yet been investigated. This beautifully jeweled darner has a reduced abdominal mosaic pattern of pale blue and green spots against a dark brown background that creates a stunning contrast of dark and light.

Rank.—G5, N4, SNR; recommended S3.

County records.—(28 of 29) All counties except Tooele.

Elevation range.—1299–3235 m (4262–10,614 ft).

Flight season.—25 May–23 Oct; records by month: May (1), Jun (0), Jul (56), Aug (82), Sep (83), Oct (20).

U.S. range.—Southern coastal Alaska, western Canada, and U.S. to southern California, northern Arizona, and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 5. Widespread throughout Utah, less common in the Great Basin Desert.

Ecoregions.—All 7 ecoregions found in Utah.

Drainages.—American Fork Creek, Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver Creek (Daggett), Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Blacks Fork (Summit), Box Creek (Piute), Cottonwood Creek (Duchesne), Coyote Wash (Uintah), Currant Creek (Wasatch), Deer Creek (Garfield), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Duchesne River, Duck Creek (Kane), East Canyon Creek (Summit), Echo Creek (Summit), Farmington Creek, Fish Creek (Carbon), Fremont River, Great Basin springs, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Hunting ton Creek (Emery), Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kolob Creek (Washington), Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Logan River, Mammoth Creek (Garfield), Mill Creek (Grand), North Creek (Garfield), Oak Creek (Millard), Oak Creek (Sanpete), Ogden River, Otter Creek (Piute), Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Price River, Provo River, Quail Creek, Raft River, Rock Creek (Duchesne), Salt Creek (Juab), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Sevier River, Silver Creek (Summit), Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Spanish Fork River, Uinta River (Duchesne), Utah Lake watershed, West Fork Duchesne River, Weber River, Willow Creek (Sevier), Woodruff Creek (Rich).

Habitat.—Ponds, springs, marshes, lakes, streams, oxbows, canyons.

Comments.—Aeshna palmata tolerates a wide range of habitats and elevations, from valley marshes to high mountain lakes as well as streams of varying types. It is the most common and widespread mosaic darner found throughout Utah from midsummer to late fall. It is often seen in late summer, hawking in canyons and forming evening swarms in open meadows, parks, and neighborhoods, crisscrossing over lawns and streets. High-mountain specimens from the western end of the Uinta Mountains have narrower pale lateral thoracic stripes than specimens from other populations in Utah. The Tooele County record listed in Musser (1962) as “Deep Springs at Callao” is actually located in Juab County. Like Aeshna interrupta, A. palmata appears to avoid the more alkaline/saline wetlands of the Great Basin Desert.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(2 of 29) Kane, Washington.

Elevation range.—975–2125 m (3200–6970 ft).

Flight season.—8 Aug–10 Oct.

U.S. range.—Southern Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and south into Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 6. Extreme southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Drip Tank Wash (Kane), East Fork Virgin River, Leeds Creek, Pleasant Grove Creek (Kane), Quail Creek, Taylor Creek and Weeping Rock Creek in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Southwest canyons with permanent streams and streamside vegetation.

Comments.—Southern Utah is at the northern edge of the known range for Aeshna persephone. Records exist for A. persephone in the Grand Staircase National Monument and Zion National Park, as well as in a few neighboring canyons including Leeds Canyon and Red Cliffs Recreation Area (BLM). Although uncommon at most locations, this large mosaic darner is relatively common in September along Taylor Creek in the Kolob Canyon area of Zion National Park (Myrup 2012). Its preferred habitat (wooded, desert canyon streams) is a scarce commodity in Utah. With the increase in the human population in southwestern Utah and the growing need for water, habitats for this species outside of the national parks could be threatened in the future. Fortunately, due to their natural state and inaccessibility, many of the streams in the Virgin River drainage (266 km or 165.5 river miles) have been designated “Wild and Scenic Rivers” by the Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009 (111th United States Congress 2009) and therefore have some protection.

Rank.—G3, N2, SNR; recommended S1.

County records.—(5 of 29) Daggett, Duchesne, Summit, Uintah, Wasatch.

Elevation range.—2835–3245 m (9300–10,645 ft).

Flight season.—29 Jun–5 Sep; records by month: Jun (2), Jul (1), Aug (6), Sep (5).

U.S. range.—Alaska, across Canada, through northern Minnesota, Michigan, and Maine; down the Cascades to Oregon and the Rockies to northern Utah.

Utah range.—Map 7. Scattered populations are found in the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—The upper reaches of Ashley Creek (Uintah), Duchesne River, Provo River, Sheep Creek (Daggett), and Whiterocks River.

habitat.—High-elevation bogs, ponds, and wet meadows.

Comments.—Aeshna sitchensis is the smallest member of the family Aeshnidae in Utah. The Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah hold the southernmost populations of this species. Although local in distribution, it can be quite common at a given location. It perches horizontally on logs or bare areas on the ground in boggy meadows, unlike most darners which typically hang vertically. Mating pairs leave the meadows and retire to the nearby forests.

Rank.—G5, N3, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(22 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Carbon, Daggett, Davis, Duchesne, Garfield, Grand, Juab, Kane, Morgan, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—969–2344 m (3179–7690 ft). One nymph record at 3079 m (10,102 ft).

Flight season.—23 Jul–20 Oct; records by month: Jul (3), Aug (10), Sep (20), Oct (6).

U.S. range.—Widespread throughout the U.S. except the extreme south.

Utah range.—Map 8. Widespread at low to moderate elevations throughout Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear River, Beaver Creek (Summit), Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Blacksmiths Fork River, Clear Creek (Sevier), Colorado River tributaries, Duchesne River, Fish Creek (Carbon), Great Salt Lake watershed, Logan River, Ogden River, Provo River, Raft River, Salt Creek (Juab), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Spanish Fork River, Utah Lake watershed, Weber River.

Habitat.—Some records from larger rivers, most from smaller streams, often with shaded areas and ponds; also found hawking in open areas near streams.

Comments.—Aeshna umbrosa is less common than Aeshna palmata, flying in late summer and fall. They can be found patrolling very low and meticulously along the edges of small shaded streams. They occasionally fly with other mosaic darners in evening feeding swarms. Several nymph records from Musser (1962) are from small tributaries of the Colorado River that are now covered with the waters of Lake Powell. The upper reaches of these tributaries may still hold populations of A. umbrosa. Other southern Utah nymph records from Musser (1962) have not been duplicated with adult records due to little collecting in these areas in late August and September when adults would be flying. Some populations along the Wasatch Front have been affected by urbanization and loss of habitat due to the piping of waterways and the alteration of streams to prevent erosion. Aeshna umbrosa can be distinguished from A. palmata by its pairs of pale blue spots on the ventral surface of abdominal segments 4–7 and the pale tan color on the posterior portion of the head. Aeshna palmata lacks pale blue spots on the ventral surface and is black on the posterior portion of the head.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S3.

County records.—(27 of 29) all counties except Daggett and Rich.

Elevation range.—785–2640 m (2575–8860 ft).

Flight season.—1 May–10 Nov; records by month: May (6), Jun (25), Jul (33), Aug (28), Sep (28), Oct (1), Nov (1). U.S. range.—Widespread throughout the U.S.

Utah range.—Map 9. Widespread throughout Utah, primarily at lower elevations.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ash Creek (Washington), Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Bea ver River, Black smiths Fork, Calf Creek (Gar field), Chicken Creek (Juab), Colorado River, Cottonwood Creek (Duchesne), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Duchesne River, Escalante River, Fremont River, Great Basin springs, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kanab Creek, Logan River, Nine Mile Creek (Carbon), Price River, Provo River, Quail Creek, Round Valley Creek (Millard), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Thistle Creek (Utah), Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Valley wetlands, midelevation lakes.

Comments.—Anax junius, although widespread throughout the state, is not usually found in large numbers at any given location. It is more common at lower elevations at a variety of lakes, streams, marshes, ponds, and springs, as well as in evening swarms away from water. There are a few records from higher elevations. Early season records may be migrants that enter the state from the south each spring, while local breeding populations emerge later (Paulson 2009). With its large, robust, green thorax and sky-blue abdomen, A. junius stands out among the more common mosaic darners in evening swarms. In a swarm of 10–20 darners, only 1 or 2 are likely to be Anax junius, prompting one of the authors, as a child, to call them the kings and queens of the swarm.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(6 of 29) Grand, Juab, San Juan, Sevier, Tooele, Washington.

Elevation range.—762–1634 m (2500–5360 ft).

Flight season.—17 May–2 Sep.

U.S. range.—Scattered populations in south western U.S., California to western Texas.

Utah range.—Map 10. Populations in southwestern Utah (Washington), Fish Springs NWR (Juab); single records elsewhere.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, Fish Springs (Juab), North Creek (Washington), Quail Creek, Santa Clara River (Washington), Virgin River.

Habitat.—Springs, ponds, permanent desert streams.

Comments.—Anax walsinghami is the larg est dragonfly in North America, a stunning sight for first-time viewers. Although usually found in small numbers, Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge (Juab) and Lytle Ranch Preserve in the Beaver Dam Wash (Washington) are locations where it can be found consistently. Recent sightings (not mapped) by the authors are from the Santa Clara River below Gunlock Reservoir (2010) and the right fork of North Creek (Zion NP, 2011) where several were observed. Literature records listed for Fish Springs, Tooele County (Musser 1962), should be corrected to Juab County, as Fish Springs NWR is entirely within Juab County (Jay Banta, personal communication, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Springs NWR 2007). However, there is one Tooele County nymph record (Skull Valley) for this species. The nymph record for Grand County is from a location where habitat no longer exists. The nymph record for San Juan County (Lake Canyon) is now under the waters of Lake Powell. The many tributaries of the Colorado River buried under Lake Powell hold potential habitat where this species may have existed in the past. Fortunately, there are areas where this species gains some protection from potential human impact, such as Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge, Lytle Ranch Preserve, and Zion National Park.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S2.

County records.—(2 of 29) Iron, Washington. ELEVATION RANGE.—1326–2652 m (4350–8700 ft).

Flight season.—10 Jul–12 Aug.

U.S. range.—Arizona, New Mexico, California.

Utah range.—Map 11. Southwestern Utah including Zion NP.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bowery Creek and Spring Creek (Iron), Taylor Creek and Weeping Rock Creek in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Desert canyons with permanent streams in southwestern Utah.

Comments.—Southern Utah is at the northern edge of the range of Oplonaeschna armata, where it can be found patrolling along small wooded desert-canyon streams just above the surface, methodically searching the edges of streamside vegetation. Zion National Park holds populations in at least 2 streams, including Weeping Rock Creek in Zion Canyon and Taylor Creek in the Kolob Canyon area. Other streams in Zion National Park may also hold populations but have not been sampled. The restricted habitat of O. armata and Aeshna persephone leaves their populations vulnerable as the human population increases in southwestern Utah and the need for water increases. Fortunately, due to their natural state and inaccessibility, many of the streams in the Virgin River drainage (266 km, or 165.5 river miles) have been designated “Wild and Scenic Rivers” by the Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009 (111th United States Congress 2009) and therefore have some protection.

Rank.—G4, N4, S1; recommended S1.

County records.—(19 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Duchesne, Grand, Juab, Millard, Morgan, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Weber.

Elevation range.—1280–2292 m (4200–7520 ft).

Flight season.—15 Apr–30 Jul; records by month: Apr (3), May (26), Jun (48), Jul (20), Aug (0).

U.S. range.—Northwestern U.S., south through California, west to Montana, down through Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado.

Utah range.—Map 12. Northern and central Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver River, Ben nie Creek (Utah), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Duchesne River, Farmington Creek, Great Basin springs, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River (Uintah), Jordan River, Logan River, Maple Canyon Creek (Utah), Ogden River, Payson Creek, Provo River, San Pitch River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Thistle Creek (Utah), Weber River.

Habitat.—Ponds, marshes, springs, wetlands adjacent to rivers.

Comments.—The California Darner is quite common in spring at most valley wetlands from the northern half of the state south to central Utah including the Great Basin, Sevier River Valley, and the Uintah Basin. It appears to be less common on the Colorado Plateau, and there are no records from the higher Wyoming Basin areas in Utah. Rhionaeschna californica is 1 of 3 dragonflies that emerges early in the season in northern Utah, along with Leucorrhinia intacta and Libellula quadrimaculata. It can often be found hawking in the afternoon in warmer south- and west-facing canyons during late April and May.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(28 of 29) all counties except Rich.

Elevation range.—785–2649 m (2575–8690 ft).

Flight season.—28 Apr–24 Oct; records by month: Apr (1), May (5), Jun (44), Jul (73), Aug (40), Sep (14), Oct (1).

U.S. range.—Western U.S., east to Kansas, Iowa, and Texas.

Utah range.—Map 13. Widespread throughout Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Calf Creek (Garfield), Chicken Creek (Juab), Colorado River, Coyote Gulch (Kane), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Duchesne River, Escalante River, Farmington Creek, Fremont River, Great Basin springs, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Johnson Creek (San Juan), Kanab Creek, Logan River, Mill Creek (Salt Lake), Oak Creek (Millard), Ogden River, Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Price River, Provo River, Salt Creek (Juab), Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Kane), South Willow Creek (Tooele), Spanish Fork River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Primarily valley wetlands of various types including ponds, lakes, springs, marshes, and streams; occasionally higher elevation ponds and lakes.

Comments.—Rhionaeschna multicolor is one of Utah's most common and widespread darners at lower-elevation wetlands, including the widely scattered wetlands of the Great Basin which Aeshna palmata and A. interrupta seem to avoid. Although it does not have the large elevation ranges of A. palmata and A. interrupta, it does have an extended flight season beginning earlier in the season (late spring) and lasting into fall. Rhionaeschna mul ticolor is often observed far from water, flying in city neighborhoods and nearby canyons. Its habitat is similar to Rhionaeschna californica, but it typically flies later at a given location. One example comes from Maple Canyon east of Springville (Utah Co.), where R. californica was found hawking in swarms on 30 May 2012; on 20 June 2012, large numbers of R. multicolor were found swarming at the same location.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(10 of 29) Emery, Garfield, Juab, Kane, Millard, Salt Lake, Tooele, Uintah, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—786–1628 m (2580–5340 ft).

Flight season.—9 Jun–6 Oct; records by month: Jun (4), Jul (11), Aug (12), Sep (8), Oct (7).

U.S. range.—Southwestern U.S., from Texas to California, north to extreme western Colorado, Utah, Nevada, southwestern Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

Utah range.—Map 14. Desert springs in the Great Basin, scattered populations throughout Utah, mainly in lower elevation streams and rivers.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Ash Creek (Washington), Beaver Dam Wash, Calf Creek (Garfield), Coyote Gulch (Kane), Fremont River, Great Basin springs, Green River, Jordan River, Kanab Creek, Leeds Creek (Washington), North Creek (Washington), Santa Clara River, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Lower-elevation rocky, gravelly, sandy to muddy bottomed streams and rivers, desert springs, and spring runs.

Comments.—Erpetogomphus compositus is likely more widespread in Utah than the records indicate. Other possible locations include isolated Great Basin desert springs in Beaver and Iron Counties and along the Colorado and Green Rivers and their tributaries in Carbon, Emery, Grand, and San Juan Counties. Many of these areas are in deep canyons more accessible by river boats. The Box Elder County record listed by Donnelly (2004) and on Odonata Central (OC#189382; Abbott 2012–2015) comes from Musser (1962). Musser listed Box Elder County under her “distribution” section but did not list a location in her “specimens examined” section with the other records, as was her typical pattern. Although E. compositus likely exists in Box Elder County possibly along the Bear River or Malad River, the record has been removed until a confirmation can be made. This brightly patterned dragonfly typically perches horizontally on rocks, gravel beds, or debris in the middle of the stream or along the edges. Females are more likely to be found away from the stream.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(6 of 29) Box Elder, Juab, Millard, Salt Lake, Tooele, Utah.

Elevation range.—1292–1524 m (4238–5000 ft).

Flight season.—21 May–14 Sep.

U.S. range.—The Great Plains from Montana to Ohio, south to Kentucky, Arkansas, Texas, and New Mexico; southern Idaho to central Utah.

Utah range.—Map 15. Northern to central Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Bear River (Box Elder), Currant Creek below Mona Reservoir (Juab), Deseret Land and Livestock Ranch and Horseshoe Springs (Tooele), Gandy Hot Springs (Millard), Jordan River, Malad River, Sevier River below Yuba Dam.

Habitat.—Low-elevation, slow-moving, sandy to muddy bottomed streams and rivers, desert springs, and spring runs.

Comments.—Gomphus externus is uncommon and local in its distribution mainly along slow, sandy to muddy bottomed rivers along the Wasatch Front or at desert springs in the Great Basin. Three of these locations are just below the dams at Sevier Bridge Reservoir (Juab), Mona Reservoir (Juab), and the Jordan River inlet from Utah Lake (Utah) where they appear to be more concentrated than at other locations. These bright, sulfur-tipped clubtails perch horizontally on flat surfaces such as rocks and sandbars along streams. They can be quite wary and difficult to approach. All G. externus specimens in the BYUC were recently reexamined and verified following the discovery of Gomphus lynnae in New Mexico.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(3 of 29) Beaver, Sevier, Utah.

Elevation range.—1384–2125 m (4540–6971 ft).

Flight season.—7–29 Jun.

U.S. range.—A narrow line from west central Oregon, south along the eastern border of California, and extending eastward into northern Nevada and west central Utah.

Utah range.—Map 16. West central Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Beaver River, Otter Creek, Provo River.

Habitat.—Gravel to rocky bottomed streams.

Comments.—This species is a recent addition to the Utah species list. The first discovery was made by Troy Hibbitts who photographed it on 7 June 2015 along the Beaver River below Minersville Reservoir, and it was vetted by Dennis Paulson (OC #432014). In August 2015, at the request of the authors, 2 older specimens from the USNM were examined and identified by Oliver Flint as Ophiogomphus morrisoni. One of these is also from Beaver County, while the other is from Provo, Utah. Upon the discovery of these 3 specimens, the authors conducted a search for possible misidentifications among the similar O. severus specimens in the BYUC and found another O. morrisoni collected near Otter Creek (Sevier) by Robert Mower on 27 June 2013. Interestingly, this specimen is not from the Central Basin and Range ecoregion but rather from the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains ecoregion. A search of these areas from mid-June to early July may turn up more locations for this species.

Rank.—G4, N4, SNR; recommended S1.

County records.—(3 of 29) Juab, Salt Lake, Washington.

Elevation range.—1302–1524 m (4270–5000 ft).

Flight season.—Adult flight season unknown. U.S. range.—Washington to northern California and western Nevada, east to northern Idaho and western Montana.

Utah range.—Map 17. Literature records for Washington and Salt Lake Counties (Larsen 1952) and Juab County (Musser 1962).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range. Drainages.—Jordan River, Sevier River, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Locations in Utah are lowland, muddy bottomed streams.

Comments.—All Utah records for Ophiogomphus occidentis are from the literature (Calvert 1899, Larsen 1952, Musser 1962 [nymph], Muttkowski 1910), and the specimens have not been located for verification. No recent records have been obtained from Utah.

Rank.—G4, N4, SH; recommended SH.

County records.—(20 of 29) Box Elder, Cache, Carbon, Daggett, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Iron, Juab, Kane, Piute, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—1014–2317 m (3325–7600 ft).

Flight season.—28 May–15 Sep; records by month: May (1), Jun (25), Jul (42), Aug (14), Sep (1).

U.S. range.—Washington to northern California; west to South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 18. Statewide where habitat is found.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bear River, Calf Creek (Garfield), Clear Creek (Sevier), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Echo Creek (Summit), Escalante River, Fremont River, Huntington Creek (Emery), Leeds Creek (Washington), Neffs Canyon (Salt Lake), Nine Mile Creek (Carbon), Pine Creek (Garfield), Price River, Provo River, Raft River, Red Creek (Duchesne), Red Creek (Iron), Sand Creek (Wayne), San Pitch River, San Rafael River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, White River (Uintah), Willow Creek (Uintah).

Habitat.—Smaller sandy to rocky bottomed streams, occasionally larger rivers.

Comments.—Ophiogomphus severus is the most common and wide-ranging member of the family Gomphidae in Utah. It is typically found in smaller low to midelevation, sandy to rocky bottomed streams, although it can also be found along larger rivers. Further search of this habitat type throughout the state during late June and July should reveal additional populations. All Daggett County records are nymphs taken by Musser (1962) from small tributaries of the Green River that are now under the waters of Flaming Gorge Reservoir. However, there is habitat farther upstream in these small creeks where populations may still exist. Nymph records from Salt Lake County (Musser 1962) have not been repeated. Some of these records came from canals or small creeks where habitat has been greatly altered (urbanization, channelization, or piping) and may no longer be able to support the nymphs. One adult record exists from Salt Lake County; the specimen was taken from Neffs Canyon by John Richards in 1980.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—(3 of 29) Kane, San Juan, Washington.

Elevation range.—792–1611 m (2600–5285 ft).

Flight season.—14 Jun–13 Aug. U.S. range.—California, Arizona, east to Texas; extreme southern Nevada and Utah; one record in northern Nevada and one in southwest Idaho.

Utah range.—Map 19. Extreme southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Ash Creek (Washington), Beaer Dam Wash, Kanab Creek (Kane), Leeds Creek, North Creek (Washington), Santa Clara River, Virgin River, West Canyon (San Juan).

Habitat.—Sandy to rocky bottomed desert streams.

Comments.—Adults have been taken from several tributaries of the Virgin River in Washington County, including streams in Zion National Park. Nymphs were taken from Kanab Creek in late July 2012 leaving meandering trails in the sandy-bottomed stream. The San Juan County record is from a tributary of the Colorado River in the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (Musser 1959) now submerged under Lake Powell. This is a southern species which ranges north into southern Utah. Progomphus borealis usually flies earlier than Erpetogomphus compositus at a given location, but their flight seasons can overlap.

Rank.—G5, N4, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(6 of 29) Daggett, Garfield, Grand, San Juan, Uintah, Washington.

Elevation range.—1036–1766 m (3400–5795 ft).

Flight season.—13 Jul–27 Oct.

U.S. range.—Nevada, east to Iowa and Missouri, southern California, east to Arizona, New Mexico, and west Texas.

Utah range.—Map 20. Eastern and southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Colorado River, Green River, Santa Clara River, White River.

Habitat.—“Rivers having coarse to finegrained sandy bottoms relatively free of large debris seem to be the preferred habitat of the nymphs.” (Musser 1962).

Comments.—Literature records from Daggett, Garfield, and San Juan Counties are from studies done in areas now submerged under Flaming Gorge Reservoir on the Green River (Musser 1960) and Lake Powell on the Colorado River (Musser 1959, 1962). Although Stylurus intricatus is uncommon, there is much habitat that has not been sampled in the deep, remote canyons of the Green, White and Colorado Rivers of the Colorado Plateau, accessible only by whitewater river boats. More recent records are from the Santa Clara River (Washington) and the White River (Uintah). Along the White River south of Bonanza (Uintah), males were observed making short runs just above the riffles then returning to hanging perches in streamside vegetation. Females were observed in nearby riparian vegetation away from the water's edge.

Rank.—G4, N4, SH; recommended S1.

County records.—(2 of 29) Sevier, Salt Lake.

Elevation range.—1289–1585 m (4230–5200 ft).

Flight season.—20 Jul–13 Aug. U.S. range.—Washington to central California, east to Nevada, Idaho, and Utah.

Utah range.—Map 21. Northern to central Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range. Drainages.—Jordan River, Sevier River.

Habitat.—Rivers with muddy bottom substrates. Nymphs were taken from several streams and canals in the Salt Lake Valley (Musser 1962).

Comments.—The lower Jordan River in Salt Lake County appears to have a thriving population of Stylurus olivaceus in an urban setting. There is only one record (3 nymphs) from Sevier County (Musser 1962). However, recent sightings have occurred along the Sevier River in Marysvale Canyon (Sevier) and below Piute Reservoir (Piute), but no vouchers or photographs were taken. Adults hang vertically in trees and shrubs along slow-moving, muddy-bottomed rivers making them difficult to find with their pale graygreen coloration. They occasionally fly over streams just above the surface of the water.

Rank.—G4, N4, SH; recommended S1.

County records.—(1 of 29) Washington.

Elevation range.—1334–1545 m (4375–5070 ft).

Flight season.—2 Aug–30 Oct.

U.S. range.—Extreme southwestern Utah, Arizona, extreme southwestern New Mexico into Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 22. Southwestern Utah (Zion NP).

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau.

Drainages.—North Creek, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Permanent desert canyon streams.

Comments.—In Utah, Cordulegaster diadema appears to be restricted to Zion National Park which is the northern end of its known range. All collected specimens have come from the small stream below Weeping Rock in Zion Canyon. There are also 2 photo records: one from the Emerald Pools trail in Zion Canyon (Bedell and Loarie 2013) and another from the “Subway” on the Left Fork of North Creek (Davis 2013a). Interestingly, both Cordulegaster species found in Utah have been observed from Weeping Rock Creek, with only C. dorsalis present on 12 Aug 2011 and only C. diadema on 24 Sept 2011.

Rank.—G4, N2N3, SH; recommended S1.

County records.—(11 of 29) Daggett, Garfield, Iron, Juab, Millard, Salt Lake, Sevier, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—1326–2027 m (4350–6650 ft).

Flight season.—15 May–12 Sep.

U.S. range.—Western U.S., east to western Montana, western Colorado, and northern New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 23. Central mountains from northern to southern Utah, particularly on the Great Basin side; also in Crouse Creek (Daggett).

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bennie Creek (Utah), Calf Creek, Henrieville Creek and Sand Creek in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Garfield), Chalk Creek (Millard), City Creek (Salt Lake), Clear Creek (Sevier), Corner Canyon Creek (Salt Lake), Crouse Creek (Daggett), Dry Canyon and School House Springs (Utah), Leeds Creek (Washington), Maple Grove Campground springs (Millard), Ogden River (Weber), Pigeon Creek (Juab), Pine Creek near Midway (Wasatch), Red Butte Creek (Salt Lake), Spring Creek (Iron), Taylor Creek and Virgin River in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Small rocky to sandy bottomed, permanent canyon streams and springs at low to midelevations.

Comments.—Large size, bold abdominal pattern of yellow on black, and sky blue eyes make both Cordulegaster species a spectacular sight. These 2 species can be distinguished by examining the paired dorsal yellow abdominal spots on C. dorsalis in contrast to yellow abdominal rings on C. diadema. Cordulegaster dorsalis is much more widespread in Utah than C. diadema. It can be found in small local populations at permanent canyon streams and springs throughout the central mountain ranges and along the Colorado border. Most of these localities could easily be negatively impacted as the human need for water increases. Adults patrol long beats along streams and nearby canyon roads. There have also been sightings of this species in both Beaver (Alan Myrup, 2008) and Grand Counties (Kathy Biggs, 2011), but these have not been plotted on the species map, as no photographs or vouchers were taken.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(4 of 29) Sevier, Tooele, Uintah, Utah.

Elevation range.—1292–1524 m (4240–5000 ft).

Flight season.—9 Jun–13 Jul.

U.S. range.—Western U.S., east to Idaho, Nevada, and Utah.

Utah range.—Map 24. Scattered populations in northern and central Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau.

Drainages.—Goshen Warm Springs (Utah), Green River (Uintah), Horseshoe Springs (Tooele), Sevier River (Sevier).

Habitat.—Rivers with sandy to muddy bottoms, spring runs.

Comments.—Macromia magnifica is one of the rarest dragonflies in Utah, with records from only 4 locations. Two records are from small spring runs in the Central Basin and Range ecoregion while the other 2 are from sandy to muddy bottomed rivers: the Sevier River near Salina and the Green River near Split Mountain Gorge in Dinosaur National Monument (Myrup 2007). Another possible location is the Bear River in Cache County where one possible sighting occurred.

Rank.—G5, N5, SNR; recommended S1.

County records.—(8 of 29) Cache, Daggett, Duchesne, Emery, Sanpete, Summit, Uintah, Wasatch.

Elevation range.—2353–3152 m (7720–10,340 ft).

Flight season.—17 Jun–10 Aug. U.S.

range.—Alaska across Canada to Newfoundland. In the West, south to central California and down the Rockies to Colorado and Utah, absent from the Great Basin and the Great Plains in the U.S. In the East, from Minnesota to Maine, south down the Appalachians to North Carolina.

Utah range.—Map 25. Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wasatch Plateau.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Blacks Fork (Summit), Carter Creek (Daggett), Duchesne River, Hayden Fork (Summit), Logan River, Lowery Water at Potters Pond (Emery), Provo River, Seely Creek at Petes Hole (Sanpete), Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Uinta River (Duchesne), West Fork Bear River (Summit), West Fork Duchesne River (Wasatch), Whiterocks River.

Habitat.—High mountain ponds, bogs, river backwaters, lakes, and small reservoirs.

Comments.—Cordulia shurtleffii can be abundant at a given location, although it is not as widespread in Utah as Somatochlora semicircularis with which it often shares the same habitat. Cordulia shurtleffii is abundant at Tony Grove Lake in Logan Canyon as well as many areas throughout the Uinta Mountains, while curiously limited to a few areas (Potters Ponds and Soup Bowl) on the Wasatch Plateau. It is more likely to be found at manmade reservoirs than Somatochlora semicircularis. Adults of C. shurtleffii emerge earlier than adults of S. semicircularis at a given location, although their flight periods can overlap. Individuals of this species patrol pond edges at about knee- to waist-high, stopping to hover every few feet and appearing to stare down the observer with their stunning, bright electric-green eyes.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S4.

County records.—(3 of 29) Daggett, Duchesne, Summit.

Elevation range.—3101–3109 m (10,175–10,200 ft).

Flight season.—11 Jul–7 Aug.

U.S. range.—Alaska, east to the Hudson Bay, and south down the Rockies through Montana and Wyoming to Colorado and northeastern Utah.

Utah range.—Map 26. The north slope of the Uinta Mountains in the Spirit Lake area of Daggett and Summit Counties.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Sheep Creek (Daggett and Summit), Whiterocks River (Duchesne).

Habitat.—High mountain sedge and bog ponds, slower portions of streams.

Comments.—Somatochlora hudsonica was first discovered in Utah in 2007 from the Spirit Lake area at the northeast end of the Uinta Mountains (Myrup 2008). It has been collected at 3 separate locations during 4 different years. One location is a small bog in a meadow just east of the Spirit Lake dam. Another is less than a mile away along a small creek entering Spirit Lake from the west. In 2013, it was collected for the first time on the south slope on the Uinta Mountains in the upper Whiterocks River drainage in large bog ponds southwest of Chepeta Lake. The area needs further study to determine the species' breeding locations and range in Utah. Due to the paucity of collection records, S. hudsonica has been designated a sensitive species by the Rocky Mountain Region of the USDA Forest Service (Packauskas 2005). The Sheep Creek drainage, where this species has been found, was poisoned with rotenone during September 2012 by the UDWR in order to remove nonnative trout and subsequently reintroduce native Colorado River cutthroat trout. The UDWR was notified about this sensitive species and its known locations in the Sheep Creek drainage prior to the treatment. According to the UDWR, the small bog near Spirit Lake was not to be treated because it was not connected to the river system, while the stream entering Spirit Lake was to receive treatment. The effects on aquatic insect larvae from this treatment are unknown.

Rank.—G5, N2N3, SU; recommended S1.

County records.—(17 of 29) Beaver, Daggett, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Wayne, Weber.

Elevation range.—2515–3387 m (8250–11,112 ft).

Flight season.—13 Jun–5 Sep.

U.S. range.—Southern Alaska; south down the Rockies through Idaho and Montana to Colorado, Utah, and northern New Mexico; Washington, south down the Cascades and Sierra Nevada Mountains to central California and western Nevada.

Utah range.—Map 27. Many of Utah's mountain ranges including the Uinta Mountains, Wasatch Mountains, Wasatch Plateau, Boulder Mountains, LaSal Mountains, Tushar Mountains, Markagunt Plateau and the Fish Lake area.

Ecoregions.—Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Blacks Fork (Summit), Carter Creek (Daggett), Duchesne River, East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), Geyser Creek (San Juan), Hayden Fork (Summit), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Lowery Water at Potters Pond (Emery), Mill Creek (Grand), Miller Flat Creek (Sanpete and Emery), Parowan Creek, Pine Creek (Garfield), Pine Creek (Wayne), Provo River, Seven Mile Creek (Sevier), Sheep Creek (Daggett), Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Uinta River (Duchesne), Weber River, West Fork Bear River (Summit), Whiterocks River.

Habitat.—High mountain sedge ponds, sedge-lined lakes, old abandoned beaver ponds with sedges.

Comments.—Somatochlora semicircularis is widespread throughout the higher elevations of many of Utah's mountain ranges where its habitat exists. Large metapopulations occur in the Uinta Mountains, Boulder Mountains, and the Wasatch Plateau where nearly every body of water with sedges, including small puddles, seems to have a population. It is more local in other mountain ranges, where its habitat is sparse. The Utah and Weber County records are historical and their exact locations are unknown. Interestingly, this dragonfly often inhabits small wet depressions and shallow ponds filled with sedges while seemingly ignoring nearby manmade ponds and lakes, even when they appear to have a similar habitat. Somatochlora semicircularis will often approach an observer from downwind, slowly moving closer, hovering, then moving closer again, perhaps riding the currents like a trout behind a rock in a stream, taking insects kicked up by the observer.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(2 of 29) Kane, Washington.

Elevation range.—834–1676 m (2735–5500 ft).

Flight season.—15 Jun–9 Oct.

U.S. range.—California, southwest U.S. from California to Arkansas.

Utah range.—Map 28. Southwest Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, East Fork Virgin River, Mill Creek, Quail Creek, Santa Clara River, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Desert streams with sandy to gravelly bottoms.

Comments.—Brechmorhoga mendax is a southern species extending north into southwestern Utah where it is uncommon and local in distribution, with records from only 7 locations, most in Washington County. Beaver Dam Wash, East Fork Virgin River, and the Virgin River are the best places to find this species. Individuals patrol very low over desert streams with sandy to gravelly bottoms, occasionally perching horizontally on exposed gravel beds. They occasionally patrol at higher heights, similar to darners.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S1.

County records.—(23 of 29) all counties except Daggett, Summit, Rich, Carbon, Duchesne, and Garfield.

Elevation range.—762–1981 m (2500–6500 ft).

Flight season.—15 May–18 Sep; records by month: May (7), Jun (54), Jul (80), Aug (38), Sep (6).

U.S. range.—Western U.S.; east to western Montana and Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and western Texas.

Utah range.—Map 29. Widespread throughout the state except the extreme northeast and northwest.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver River, Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Coyote Gulch (Kane), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Great Basin springs and marshes, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kanab Creek, Malad River, North Creek (Washington), Ogden River, Otter Creek (Piute), Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Provo River, Rush Lake (Iron), San Pitch River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Uinta River (Uintah), Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Valley wetlands, marshes, ponds, slow streams, spring runs.

Comments.—Erythemis collocata is common and widespread at low-elevation wetlands throughout the state including desert areas of the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. No voucher specimens have been taken in the Wyoming Basin ecoregion (Rich, Summit, and Daggett) in Utah. However, the species has been observed in the Browns Park area along the Green River in Daggett County. Chalkyblue pruinose males can be quite common in late June and early July at marshes and ponds, patrolling low over algae mats and along pond borders. Lime-green females are often found in weedy areas adjacent to wetlands. A hovering female will lay her eggs by dipping her abdomen into algae mats and floating vegetation while the male flies back and forth over her chasing off any intruding males.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(5 of 29) Daggett, Duchesne, Summit, Uintah, Wasatch.

Elevation range.—2641–3101 m (8666–10,175 ft). One specimen was collected from the cold wetlands below Jordanelle Reservoir at 1753 m (5750 ft).

Flight season.—17 Jun–1 Aug.

U.S. range.—Alaska, western Canada, south through the Rocky Mountains to Utah and northern New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 30. Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah, south to Current Creek Peak.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Big Brush Creek (Uintah), Blacks Fork (Summit), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), Hayden Fork (Summit), Henrys Fork (Summit), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Provo River (Wasatch), Sheep Creek (Daggett), Uinta River (Duchesne).

Habitat.—Mountain bogs, sedge ponds, and old beaver ponds at high elevations.

Comments.—Leucorrhinia borealis, the largest of the 4 Leucorrhinia species in Utah, can be found in scattered populations throughout the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah. The species often shares habitat with L. hudsonica at bog ponds and wet meadows. Although it appears to be less common than L. hudsonica, there are undoubtedly many more populations throughout the remote regions of the Uinta Mountains than records indicate. In 2015, a new population was discovered near Currant Creek Peak in the mountains southeast of Heber, Utah.

Rank.—G5, N4?, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(7 of 29) Daggett, Duchesne, Garfield, Summit, Wasatch, Wayne, Uintah.

Elevation range.—2452–3197 m (8046–10,490 ft).

Flight season.—14 Jun–5 Sep.

U.S. range.—Alaska, Canada, northern U.S., south, down the Sierra Nevada, Rocky and Appalachian mountain ranges.

Utah range.—Map 31. Northeastern Utah, south to Currant Creek Peak, Aquarius Plateau and Boulder Mountain of south central Utah.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains. DRAINAGES.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Blacks Fork (Summit), Duchesne River (Duchesne), East Fork Bear River (Summit), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), Hayden Fork (Summit), Henrys Fork (Summit), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Ostler Fork (Summit), Pine Creek (Garfield), Provo River, Rock Creek (Duchesne), Sheep Creek (Daggett), Steep Creek (Garfield), Uinta River (Duchesne), Whiterocks River.

Habitat.—High-elevation bogs, sedge ponds and lakes.

Comments.—Most records for Leucorrhinia hudsonica, the smallest of the 4 Leucorrhinia species in Utah, are scattered throughout the Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah, where the species can be quite abundant in boggy meadows. A recent record (June 2000) exists from Posey Lake on the Aquarius Plateau in south central Utah (Garfield). One other specimen from the BYU collection was collected on Steep Creek, high up on Boulder Mountain by V.M. Tanner likely in the 1930s. There are also 2 other specimens in the BYU collection collected by Tanner: one labeled “Torrey” and the other, “Notom 1936.” These 2 small towns in Wayne County are just north and west of Boulder Mountain. Tanner sometimes listed the nearest town as references on his specimen labels, making it likely that the specimens were collected at higher elevations on Boulder Mountain. A search of the higher forested lakes and ponds atop the Aquarius Plateau and on the eastern flank of Boulder Mountain may reveal more populations of L. hudsonica.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(18 of 29) Box Elder, Cache, Carbon, Daggett, Duchesne, Garfield, Juab, Kane, Morgan, Piute, Rich, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Weber.

Elevation range.—1294–2944 m (4245–9657 ft).

Flight season.—14 May–12 Sep; records by month: May (4), Jun (24), Jul (26), Aug (2), Sep (1).

U.S. range.—Map 32. Northern two-thirds of U.S.

Utah range.—Northern Utah, south through the central mountain ranges.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Carter Creek (Daggett), Blacks Fork (Summit), Cherry Creek (Juab), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Duchesne River, Green River, Logan River, Mantua Reservoir (Box Elder), Payson Creek, Price River, Provo River, San Pitch River, Sevier River, Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Spanish Fork River, Uinta River, Utah Lake watershed, Weber River.

Habitat.—Ponds, springs, lakes, stream backwaters preferably with submergent vegetation.

Comments.—Leucorrhinia intacta is the most widespread of the 4 species of Leucorrhinia in the state. Unlike other Leucorrhinia in Utah, L. intacta is not limited to higher elevations but is often found at lower elevations, which has contributed to its wider distribution. Although it is more common in the northern counties, it has been found at higher elevations as far south as Garfield County. There is also one dot map record (Donnelly 2004b) from Kane County, but the exact location is unknown. There are no records from the urban counties of Davis and Salt Lake. Leucorrhinia intacta is 1 of 3 species of dragonflies that emerges in early May in northern Utah along with Libellula quadrimaculata and Rhionaeschna californica.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(4 of 29) Sanpete, Summit, Uintah, Wasatch.

Elevation range.—2652–2853 m (8700–9360 ft).

Flight season.—22 Jun–26 Aug.

U.S. range.—Alaska, Canada, south down the Cascades to northern California and Rockies to Colorado and Utah, Great Lakes region and northeast U.S.

Utah range.—Map 33. Uinta Mountains, Duchesne Ridge, Wasatch Plateau.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Blacks Fork (Summit), Cottonwood Creek (Sanpete), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), Henrys Fork (Summit), Scad Valley Creek (Sanpete), West Fork Bear River (Summit), West Fork Duchesne River (Wasatch), Whiterocks River (Uintah).

Habitat.—Ponds and small lakes with submergent vegetation in forested areas.

Comments.—Leucorrhinia proxima is the least common Leucorrhinia species in the state, with records from only 8 drainages. However, the species is quite abundant at Lyman Lake (Summit) and at 2 ponds (1 man-made) in upper Ephraim Canyon (Sanpete). One location is at a small lake in the Scad Valley Creek drainage in Sanpete County within 200 m of the Emery County line. A new location was discovered at Heart Lake along the Duchesne Ridge in 2013. Its distribution is puzzling, with individuals occurring only at specific ponds and small lakes amid what appears to be widespread habitat throughout both the Uinta Mountains and the Wasatch Plateau. Water bodies containing submergent vegetation may be the preferred habitat that causes this unusual distribution.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(3 of 29) Iron, Juab, Washington.

Elevation range.—846–1414 m (2775–4640 ft).

Flight season.—3 Jun–13 Aug.

U.S. range.—California and western Nevada, south and west through southwest Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas; isolated records in southern Idaho and Oregon.

Utah range.—Map 34. Southwestern Utah, Baker Hot Springs (Juab), Enoch (Iron).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Baker Hot Springs, Beaver Dam Wash, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Desert streams, ponds, springs, hot springs in north.

Comments.—Libellula comanche is a species of the southwestern U.S. whose range extends northward into the southwestern corner of Utah. It is uncommon and very local in its distribution in Utah, with nearly all records coming from Washington County. Populations currently exist at Lytle Ranch in the Beaver Dam Wash and at Green Springs in the middle of Green Springs Golf Course in the city of Washington. Baker Hot Springs (Juab), with its year-round warm temperatures, harbors a population that extends the range northward across 180 miles of desert. One record, collected at a pond in Enoch, Iron County, has not been duplicated even after several attempts. It is our opinion that there is not an established population there.

Rank.—G5, N5, S1; recommended S2.

County records.—(10 of 29) Box Elder, Cache, Emery, Juab, Millard, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Tooele, Uintah, Utah.

Elevation range.—1288–1981 m (4225–6500 ft).

Flight season.—9 Jun–11 Sep; records by month: Jun (17), Jul (19), Aug (6), Sep (1)

U.S. range.—The Great Basin (California, Oregon, Nevada, and Utah), east to Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Utah range.—Map 35. Great Basin Desert in western Utah and upper Colorado Plateau in eastern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau.

Drainages.—Bear River (Box Elder, Cache), Blue Lake WMA (Tooele), Fish Springs NWR (Juab), Great Basin springs and wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River at Sheppard Bottom (Ouray NWR), Price River (Desert Lake WMA), Sevier River, Utah Lake watershed.

Habitat.—Alkaline/saline marshes and other wetlands, desert springs.

Comments.—Libellula composita prefers desert springs and shallow alkaline/saline wetlands of the Great Basin. There are large populations at several state and federally managed wetlands such as Bear River National Migratory Bird Refuge (Box Elder), Clear Lake Waterfowl Management Area (Millard), and Fish Springs National Wildlife Refuge (Juab) where good habitat is maintained. During this study, populations of L. composita were also located in the Colorado Plateau ecoregion at Ouray National Wildlife Refuge (Uintah) and Desert Lake Waterfowl Management Area (Emery) where the species is abundant. Tandem pairs are a common sight but difficult to catch with their swift, direct flight.

Rank.—G3G4, N3N4, S2; recommended S4.

County records.—(2 of 29) Iron, Washington.

Elevation range.—844–1814 m (2770–5950 ft).

Flight season.—15–27 Jul.

U.S. range.—Southwest U.S. from California to Texas.

Utah range.—Map 36. Southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, pond at Heritage Park, Parowan.

Habitat.—Springs, streams, ponds (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—Only 2 specimens of this species have been collected in Utah: one from Lytle Ranch in the Beaver Dam Wash in 2015 and one from a very small pond at Heritage Park in Parowan, Utah, in 2003. This species may occasionally move up the Virgin River corridor into Utah but has not established any lasting populations.

Rank.—G5, N4, SU; recommended S1.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—846–2524 m (2775–8282 ft).

Flight season.—15 May–8 Sep; records by month: May (6), Jun (55), Jul (57), Aug (21), Sep (2).

U.S. range.—Western U.S., east to the Dakotas, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 37. Statewide, mostly at lower elevations.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Crouse Creek and Willow Creek (Daggett), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Dirty Devil River (Wayne), Duchesne River, Farmington Creek (Davis), Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kanab Creek, Ogden River, Payson Creek, Price River, Provo River, San Pitch River, Sevier River, Uinta River, Utah Lake watershed, Weber River.

Habitat.—Marshes, ponds, springs, lakes, canals, slow streams, and stream backwaters.

Comments.—Libellula forensis, an exclusively western species with a stronghold in Utah, is one of the most common and widespread Libellula species in the state. It can be found at a wide variety of wetlands from low to high elevations up to 2500 m (8200 ft), unlike the similar L. pulchella with which it often flies at low elevations. Both species have black wing patches: L. pulchella with twelve, 3 on each wing including the wingtips, while L. forensis has 8, lacking the 4 at the wingtips.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S5.

County records.—(9 of 29) Duchesne, Carbon, Emery, Grand, Piute, San Juan, Uintah, Wasatch, Washington.

Elevation range.—785–1823 m (2575–5982 ft).

Flight season.—20 May–16 Sep.

U.S. range.—Washington, south through southern California, east through Arizona to Florida; widespread throughout the Midwest and eastern U.S.; absent from Idaho, Montana, and much of Wyoming and Nevada.

Utah range.—Map 38. Eastern and southern Utah, Jordanelle wetlands (Wasatch).

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Cottonwood Creek (Duchesne), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Provo River (Wasatch), Sevier River (Piute), Soldier Creek (Carbon), Uinta River (Uintah), Virgin River.

Habitat.—Ponds, springs, marshes, wetlands adjacent to rivers.

Comments.—Libellula luctuosa was first collected in Utah by Andrew Barnum in 1992 in St. George, Washington County, and the speciman was placed in the DSUC but not identified until 2011. In 2001, another specimen was collected in Arches National Park and placed in the BYUC where it was identified in 2007. Earlier Utah odonate researchers (Brown 1934, Larsen 1952, Musser 1962) did not record this species from Utah. Libellula luctuosa is likely a newcomer to the state and has spread throughout the Colorado Plateau and Mojave Basin and Range ecoregions, where many new records have been obtained. It has likely used the Colorado, Green, and Virgin Rivers as corridors for its northward expansion. At several locations in Emery, Grand, and San Juan Counties, it is now one of the dominant dragonflies. The latest finds have been at the Jordanelle Wetlands along the Provo River in Wasatch County (2011) and at a pond below Piute Reservoir along the Sevier River in Piute County (2012), both in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains ecoregion. These 2 records, the first from the Great Basin drainage, are significant, as they require a jump over mountain ranges that separate the Great Basin from the Colorado Plateau. Libellula luctuosa will likely continue to spread throughout the Great Basin and the rest of the state in future years. How this newcomer will affect other Libellula species is unknown.

Rank.—G5, N5, SU; recommended S3.

County records.—(11 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Juab, Kane, Millard, Sevier, Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—1326–2103 m (4350–6900 ft).

Flight season.—29 May–6 Oct.

U.S. range.—Southern Oregon, south through California and Nevada, Utah, Arizona, southern Colorado, and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 39. Western Utah, Kanab Creek, Fremont River.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—East Hickman Creek (Tooele), Fremont River (Wayne), Great Basin springs and streams, Kanab Creek (Kane), Provo River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River (Sevier), Virgin River.

Habitat.—Springs, marshes, wetlands along rivers.

Comments.—Libellula nodisticta can be found in scattered populations primarily at springs in the Central Basin and Range ecoregion where it seems to be present in some years and absent in others. It is uncommon and always a pleasant surprise when observed. Specimens have also been collected at an oxbow pond along the Sevier River near Richfield (Sevier). The highest elevation record is from Bicknell Bottoms Wildlife Management Area (Wayne) of the Colorado Plateau ecoregion.

Rank.—G4, N4, S1; recommended S3.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—785–1962 m (2575–6436 ft).

Flight season.—30 Apr–26 Sep; records by month: Apr (1), May (2), Jun (58), Jul (85), Aug (34), Sep (3).

U.S. range.—Widespread throughout the U.S.

Utah range.—Map 40. Widespread through out Utah at lower elevations.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Cottonwood Creek (Duchesne), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Duchesne River, Escalante River, Great Basin springs and wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Jordan River, Logan River, Ogden River, Price River, Provo River, Red Creek (Iron), Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Uinta River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Wetlands along streams, marshes, springs, ponds, lakes.

Comments.—Libellula pulchella is a common, highly visible species that is widespread throughout the state at lower-elevation wetlands. It often flies with other Libellula species, patrolling the edges of ponds and marshes and competing for perch sites. Late June through July appears to be the time of greatest abundance at most locations. Libellula pulchella (twelve-spotted skimmer) can be separated from Libellula forensis (eight-spotted skimmer) by its black wingtips which are not found on L. forensis.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S5.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—1273–3170 m (4175 ft–10,400 ft).

Flight season.—9 Apr–10 Oct; records by month: Apr (4), May (42), Jun (97), Jul (95), Aug (19), Sep (2), Oct (1).

U.S. range.—Alaska, Canada, western U.S., east to New Mexico, Colorado, and Nebraska, across the Great Lakes region and through the northeastern U.S.; missing from the southeastern U.S.

Utah range.—Map 41. Statewide.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—American Fork Creek, Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear Creek (Iron), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver Creek (Summit), Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Blacksmiths Fork (Cache), Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Crystal Creek (Washington), Deep Creek (Wasatch), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Duchesne River, East Canyon Creek (Morgan), East Fork Sevier River, East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Ephraim Creek (Sanpete), Escalante River (Garfield), Farmington Creek (Davis), Great Basin springs, Great Salt Lake watershed, Henrieville Creek (Garfield), Henrys Fork (Summit), Hobble Creek—tributary of the Strawberry River (Wasatch), Huntington Creek (Emery), Indian Creek (San Juan), Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Little Bear River (Cache), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Logan River, Mill Creek (Grand), North Creek (Washington), Ogden River, Otter Creek, Parowan Creek (Iron), Payson Creek, Provo River, Raft River, Rock Creek (Duchesne), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River (Wash ington), Scad Valley Creek (Sanpete), Seely Creek (Sanpete), Seven Mile Creek (Sevier), Sevier River, Silver Creek (Summit), Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Spanish Fork River, Steep Creek (Garfield), Uinta River (Duchesne), Utah Lake watershed, Weber River, West Fork Duchesne River, Whiterocks River (Duchesne).

Habitat.—Wide variety of habitats including lowland marshes and wetlands, ponds, springs, high mountain bogs and lakes, stream backwaters.

Comments.—Libellula quadrimaculata is the most common and widespread Libellula species in Utah and is found in every county at a wide variety of wetlands at both low and high elevations. It is one of Utah's early season dragonflies, emerging in late April in the valleys then gradually fading in numbers by the middle of July. As the season progresses into July and August, it can be found at progressively higher elevations up to 3050 m (10,000 ft) flying with other boreal dragonflies. It is holarctic in its distribution and is found in North America, Europe, and Asia. Libellula quadrimaculata, which means four-spotted dragonfly, was one of several dragonflies named by the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus, the father of modern taxonomy, in his Systema Naturae (10th edition) (Linnaeus 1758), which was the earliest publication accepted for the scientific names of animals. One other holarctic dragonfly found in Utah, Aeshna juncea, was also named by Linnaeus.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S5.

County records.—(23 of 29) all counties except Cache, Carbon, Morgan, Rich, Summit, Uintah.

Elevation range.—785–1981 m (2575–6500 ft).

Flight season.—29 Apr–9 Oct; records by month: Apr (4), May (16), Jun (49), Jul (79), Aug (29), Sep (29), Oct (9).

U.S. range.—Southwest U.S. from California to Texas; north to Oregon, Idaho, and Montana; east to Colorado and southern Kansas; Wyoming (Yellowstone NP).

Utah range.—Map 42. Central to southern Utah; hot springs farther north.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Calf Creek and Hall Creek (Garfield), Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Crystal Hot Springs (Box Elder), Duchesne River, East Fork Sevier River, East Fork Virgin River, Escalante River, Great Basin springs, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Leeds Creek (Washington), Midway Hot Springs (Wasatch), Ogden River, Red Creek (Iron), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek and Paria River (Kane), Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River, Willow Creek (Daggett).

Habitat.—Slow streams, ponds, lake margins, marshes, springs, hot springs at lower elevations.

Comments.—The bright fiery-orange flame skimmer leaves a lasting impression on even the most casual observer. It is a dragonfly of the Southwest that has extended its range northward by its use of permanent springs which do not freeze in winter. It is widespread throughout much of the state but is most common in southern Utah. This species can be found at ponds (including urban and golf course ponds), springs, slow streams, and stream backwaters. Flame skimmers occasionally wander away from wetlands and show up in suburban yards.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—(2 of 29) Iron, Washington.

Elevation range.—785–1542 m (2575–5058 ft).

Flight season.—20 Jul–Aug? U.S. range.—Southern U.S.

Utah range.—Map 43. Extreme southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Virgin River.

Habitat.—Muddy bottomed marshes, ponds, canals, and slow streams (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—There are only 3 known Utah records for Orthemis ferruginea: 2 from the Mojave Basin and Range ecoregion (Washington), St. George and the Beaver Dam Wash (2015); and 1 from the Central Basin and Range (Iron), at Heritage Park in Parowan (2003). One individual was observed at the lower Hobble Creek WMA near Utah Lake in September 2015, 180 miles farther north than any previously known location. The mild winter and early spring in 2015 seems to have brought several species with more southern attributes farther north than other more typical years. Orthemis ferruginea does not appear to be a resident species in Utah, although it may occasionally wander up the Virgin River from Nevada and Arizona and establish populations for short periods.

Rank.—G5, N5, S1; recommended S1.

County Records.—(18 of 29) Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Duchesne, Emery, Grand, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, San Juan, Salt Lake, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—785–1692 m (2575–5550 ft).

Flight season.—29 Apr–30 Sep.

U.S. range.—Widespread in U.S., except the Rockies and upper Great Plains.

Utah range.—Map 44. Eastern Utah along the Colorado River, southwestern Utah, scattered springs in the Great Basin, wetlands and springs along the Wasatch Front.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Duchesne River, Great Basin springs, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Provo River, Recapture Creek (San Juan), Sevier River (Millard), Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Lowland valley marshes, springs, backwater wetlands along streams.

Comments.—Pachydiplax longipennis is far more widespread, particularly in northern Utah, than indicated in earlier publications, where only 3 county records were listed (Brown 1934, Larsen 1952, Musser 1962). Whether this finding is a result of more thorough collecting or a recent northward range expansion is unknown. New locations include springs in the Great Basin, Utah Lake watershed, Great Salt Lake watershed, and areas along the Colorado and Green Rivers in eastern Utah as far north as the Uintah Basin. Pachydiplax longipennis can be quite abundant at some locations in Utah, far outnumbering other dragonfly species. Perched individuals, with wings “cocked” downward, appear ready to spring into flight at the slightest provocation. A white face and a touch of gold at the wing bases help to separate P. longipennis from the slightly larger but similar Erythemis collocata, both of which show a flat, blue-gray pruinescence on the body.

Rank.—G5, N5, S1; recommended S4.

County records.—(4 of 29) Garfield, Kane, San Juan, Washington.

Elevation range.—846–1961 m (2775–6435 ft).

Flight season.—16 Jun–29 Sep.

U.S. range.—Southwest U.S. from central California west to Texas; 1 location in Oregon.

Utah range.—Map 45. Southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, Calf Creek and Pine Creek (Garfield), East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Indian Creek (San Juan), Leeds Creek and Quail Creek, North Creek, Taylor Creek and Virgin River in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Small, rocky, desert canyon streams in southern Utah.

Comments.—Paltothemis lineatipes patrols up and down rocky desert canyon streams at about knee to ankle height, occasionally perching on rocks in the middle of the stream. The species' narrow habitat preference/tolerance makes it vulnerable as human consumption of water increases in southern Utah. Fortunately, it is common in several streams of Zion National Park where the habitat is protected. Due to their natural state and inaccessibility, many streams in the Virgin River drainage where this species exists have been designated “Wild and Scenic Rivers” by the Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009 (111th United States Congress 2009). There is one record from Wasatch County for this species on the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center web site distribution map. The source is not given. It is possible that this northern record may be a misidentification of the somewhat similar Libellula saturata, which can be found at several hot springs in Wasatch County.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S2.

County records.—(13 of 29) Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, San Juan, Sanpete, Utah, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—796–1635 m (2610–5365 ft).

Flight season.—13 May–24 Aug.

U.S. range.—Map 46. Common in California, southern U.S., Midwest, and eastern U.S.; less common northward.

Utah range.—Southern Utah; occasionally found further north.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Colorado River, Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Dirty Devil River, Great Basin springs and marshes, Green River, North Creek (Washington), San Juan River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Ponds, marshes, temporary wetlands, streams, open canyons.

Comments.—Pantala flavescens, found worldwide in warmer climates, is more common in southern Utah but appears to wander northward in some years. It may be unable to establish permanent populations in northern Utah, likely due to cold winter temperatures. Wandering gliders drift with the wind currents, feeding on air plankton. Occasionally they ride the currents downwind from animals, perhaps picking up small insects disturbed from the undergrowth.

Rank.—G5, N5, S1; recommended S4.

County records.—(11 of 29) Garfield, Grand, Iron, Kane, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Utah, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—1143–2652 m (3750–8700 ft).

Flight season.—5 Jun–7 Aug.

U.S. range.—Widespread in U.S., except Rockies and upper Great Plains.

Utah range.—Map 47. Southern Utah; occasionally found farther north.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Colorado River, Dirty Devil River, Escalante River, Green River, Jordan River, Natural Bridges National Monument (San Juan), North Creek (Washington), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Ponds, marshes, temporary wetlands, streams, open canyons.

Comments.—Pantala hymenaea appears to have more permanently established populations in southern Utah than its relative Pantala flavescens. Like P. flavescens, P. hymenaea occasionally wanders northward but may be unable to establish populations in northern Utah due to the cold winter temperatures.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2 (recommended, S4).

County records.—(1 of 29) Washington.

Elevation range.—846 m (2775 ft).

Flight season.—9 Aug 1985.

U.S. range.—Southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico, north along Colorado River to southern Nevada and southwestern Utah.

Utah range.—Map 48. Extreme southwestern Utah; Lytle Ranch, Beaver Dam Wash.

Ecoregions.—Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash.

Habitat.—“Mud-bottomed lakes, ponds, ditches and pools in streams and rivers, mostly in open areas but also with wooded banks” (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—One specimen of Perithemis intensa was collected in 1985 by G. Baird at Lytle Ranch in the Beaver Dam Wash (Myrup 2007). One sighting occurred on 15 July 2015 at a pond in St. George. At present, this species does not appear to have any established populations in the state, although it may occasionally move up the Virgin River from Arizona and Nevada.

Rank.—G5, N4, SU; recommended S1.

County records.—(1 of 29) Cache.

Elevation range.—1350 m (4430 ft).

Flight season.—26 Jun–13 Jul (2 records only).

U.S. range.—Widespread in the U.S., rare in Nevada and Utah.

Utah range.—Map 49. Extreme northern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Bear River.

Habitat.—Marshes, valley wetlands, oxbows.

Comments.—Plathemis lydia has only been found at one location in Utah. The location is in northern Cache County near the town of Trenton, close to the Idaho border at a small wetland along the Bear River. There appears to be an established population at this site, with specimens collected there in both 2007 and 2013. It is puzzling that this species is so rare in Utah while abundant in much of the U.S., including neighboring states. It appears to be replaced by the similar Plathemis subornata throughout the Central Basin and Range ecoregion.

Rank.—G5, N5, S1; recommended S1.

County records.—(13 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Juab, Millard, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele, Utah, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—768–1981 m (2520–6500 ft).

Flight season.—20 May–7 Aug.

U.S. range.—Southern Oregon, south through southern California, east to western Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Utah range.—Map 50. Western Utah in the Great Basin.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Sevier River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Alkaline wetlands, marshes, springs, stream backwaters.

Comments.—Plathemis subornata thrives at desert springs and alkaline/saline wetlands of the Central Basin and Range ecoregion, along with Libellula composita, Argia alberta, Enallagma clausum, and Ischnura barberi. Populations are also found along the Sevier River in Sanpete and Sevier County.

Rank.—G4, N4, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—785–2652 m (2575–8700 ft).

Flight season.—8 Apr–14 Nov; records by month: Apr (4), May (25), Jun (59), Jul (97), Aug (78), Sep (47), Oct (46), Nov (8).

U.S. range.—Widespread in U.S., less common in the East.

Utah range.—Map 51. Widespread throughout Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Calf Creek (Garfield), Colorado River and tributaries, Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Dirty Devil River, Duchesne River, Escalante River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River and tributaries, Jordan River, Malad River, Maple Seep (Kane), Ogden River, Otter Creek, Pariette Wetlands (Uintah), Price River, Provo River, Quail Creek, San Pitch River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Strawberry River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Valley wetlands including ponds, marshes, springs, lakes, slow streams, fields, and canyons.

Comments.—Sympetrum corruptum, with its wandering nature, can be found throughout the state from April to November usually at lower elevations but occasionally high in the mountains. Worn specimens that are older and darker are found early in the season and are likely migrants from the south. Fresh brightly patterned specimens, raised locally, usually appear later in the season. It is unknown whether any overwinter in Utah in some life stage. Sympetrum corruptum is the largest Sympetrum species in Utah and also the most wary.

Rank.—G5, N5, S4; recommended S5.

County records.—(21 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Duchesne, Emery, Juab, Millard, Morgan, Piute, Rich, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Wayne, Weber.

Elevation range.—1280–2701 m (4200–8860 ft).

Flight season.—25 Jun–22 Oct; records by month: Jun (1), Jul (8), Aug (16), Sep (24), Oct (3).

U.S. range.—Northern half of the U.S.

Utah range.—Map 52. Northern Utah, south to Beaver and Marysvale (Piute), unrecorded from southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver River, Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Duchesne River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Logan River, Pariette Wetlands (Uintah), Provo River, Sevier River, Utah Lake watershed, Weber River.

Habitat.—Valley wetlands, lakes, marshes, ponds, springs, slow streams, open fields.

Comments.—Sympetrum costiferum flies late in the season, with the majority of records in August and September. Although there are records from the Pariette Wetlands (Uintah) and Desert Lake WMA (Emery) of the Colorado Plateau ecoregion, this species is more common from the Wasatch Front westward into the Central Basin and Range ecoregion. Its soft orange-red costal and subcostal wing veins, black-lined red pterostigma, and unmarked deep red to brown thorax of mature males are distinctive.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S4.

County records.—(23 of 29) all counties except Davis, Grand, Juab, San Juan, Tooele, Weber.

Elevation range.—1347–3101 m (4418–10,175 ft).

Flight season.—30 Jun–8 Oct; records by month: Jun (2), Jul (14), Aug (26), Sep (22), Oct (4).

U.S. range.—Southern Alaska, Canada, northern U.S., western U.S.; south to northern Arizona and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 53. Northern Utah; south down the central mountains and mountain valleys.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Currant Creek (Wasatch), Duchesne River, Fremont River, Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Little Bear River, Mammoth Creek (Garfield), Otter Creek, Provo River, Raft River, San Pitch River (Sanpete), Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Daggett), Sheep Creek (Kane), Spanish Fork River, Weber River, West Fork Duchesne River.

Habitat.—Wetlands along streams, ponds, mountain valley wetlands and meadows, sedge marshes.

Comments.—Sympetrum danae is common in wetland meadows and along streams at midelevations and mountain valleys of the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains ecoregion but is absent from much of the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau. The flight period of S. danae typically begins later than Sympetrum internum, although they often fly together. They emerge in large numbers at some locations such as the wetlands below Jordanelle Reservoir (Wasatch) and farmlands north of Kamas (Summit). The record for Salt Lake County is a photographic record (Davis 2013a) taken at Silver Lake in Big Cottonwood Canyon.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S4.

County records.—(16 of 29) Cache, Carbon, Daggett, Garfield, Grand, Juab, Kane, Millard, Morgan, Piute, Rich, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Utah, Wasatch.

Elevation range.—1347–2861 m (4418–9385 ft).

Flight season.—26 Jun–27 Sep; records by month: Jun (3), Jul (31), Aug (20), Sep (5).

U.S. range.—Southern Alaska, Canada, northern two-thirds of U.S., absent from the southern U.S.

Utah range.—Map 54. Central mountains and mountain valleys from northern to southern Utah, extending down the Sevier River in the Great Basin near Delta, Sheep Creek Drainage (northeastern Uinta Mountains), Warner Lake (LaSal Mountains).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Bear Lake watershed, Duck Creek (Kane), East Fork Sevier River, upper Mill Creek (Grand), Price River, Provo River, San Pitch River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Daggett), Utah Lake watershed, Weber River, West Fork Bear River (Summit).

Habitat.—Mountain valley meadows and wetlands, slow streams and oxbows, sedge marshes.

Comments.—Sympetrum internum is our earliest emerging Sympetrum; and like Sympetrum danae, it can be quite abundant, emerging in large numbers at many mountain valley locations. This small bright-red dragonfly can be found in wet meadows and along small streams flowing through pastures. It is the dominant dragonfly along the meandering Bear River and oxbow ponds in Rich County in the Wyoming Basin ecoregion. Habitat for this species is decreasing in some areas along the Wasatch Front as water use is altered and farmland is converted into housing projects.

Rank.—G5, N5, SNR, recommended S4.

County records.—(6 of 29) Cache, Daggett, Rich, Summit, Utah, Wasatch.

Elevation range.—1902–2621 m (4440–9150 ft).

Flight season.—19 Jun–10 Aug.

U.S. range.—Northwest U.S., south to southern California; east to Minnesota across northern Nevada, Utah, and Colorado.

Utah range.—Map 55. Northeastern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Provo River, Sheep Creek (Daggett), West Fork Bear River.

Habitat.—Sedge-filled wetlands, usually at mid- to high elevations, oxbows along streams, some areas that may dry up later in the season.

Comments.—The first indication that Sympetrum madidum might be found in Utah comes from Putnum (1876), where he lists several species collected in the vicinity of Spring Lake (Utah) including Diplax flavibasis. Ries (1963) believed that the name D. flavibasis, which has no taxonomic standing, was mistaken for Diplax flavicosta, a synonym of S. madidum (Hagen 1890). Unless the original specimen can be located, the identity will remain a mystery. The first documented record for S. madidum in Utah comes from Midway Reservoir in July 2008 at a small shallow sedge pond high in the Wasatch Mountains. The identification was confirmed by Dennis Paulson. This species has since been found in several other locations in Utah including the oxbow wetlands along Bear River in Cache and Rich Counties and in sedge ponds on the north slope of the Uinta Mountains in Summit and Daggett Counties. At some locations, it is quite abundant, such as the sedge wetlands near Sheep Creek Lake in Daggett County. Now that its habitat in Utah is better understood, a search of similar habitats, particularly on the north slope of the Uinta Mountains should yield more populations.

Rank.—G4, N4, SU; recommended S3.

County records.—(9 of 29) Cache, Duchesne, Juab, Morgan, Salt Lake, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Weber.

Elevation range.—1302–1676 m (4270–5500 ft).

Flight season.—26 Jun–12 Sep; records by month: Jun (2), Jul (9), Aug (12), Sep (3).

U.S. range.—Northern two-thirds of U.S., south to New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 56. Scattered populations in northern Utah, south to Juab County, Uintah Basin.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bear River, Burraston Ponds and Currant Creek (Juab), Duchesne River, Green River, Jordan River, Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Provo River, Uinta River, Utah Lake watershed, Weber River.

Habitat.—Wet meadows and marshes in valleys, ponds, wetlands along streams.

Comments.—Sympetrum obtrusum is usually found in smaller numbers than Sympetrum internum with which it sometimes flies. It lives in similar habitats as S. internum but appears to be more restricted to lower-elevation valleys in northern Utah and does not range as far south. It is abundant at Stewart Lake WMA along the Green River near Jensen (Uintah).

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(27 of 29) all counties except Daggett and Morgan.

Elevation range.—869–3208 m (2850–10,525 ft).

Flight season.—8 Jun–12 Oct; records by month: Jun (12), Jul (48), Aug (30), Sep (28), Oct (4).

U.S. range.—Western U.S., east to the western edge of the Dakotas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Texas.

Utah range.—Map 57. Widespread throughout Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver River, Burraston Ponds (Juab), Colorado River, Duchesne River, Duck Creek (Kane), Fremont River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Mammoth Creek (Garfield), Otter Creek, Pariette Wetlands (Uintah), Pine Creek (Wayne), Polk Creek (Wayne), Price River, Provo River, Raft River, Red Creek (Iron), San Pitch River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Valley wetlands, slow streams and stream backwaters, ponds and sedge marshes at higher elevations.

Comments.—Sympetrum pallipes is our most versatile Sympetrum species and is found throughout the state at a wide range of elevations and habitats making it difficult to pinpoint any preferred habitat. It has the highest elevation records (3208 m [10,525 ft]) of any Sympetrum species in Utah, rivaled only by S. danae, and yet can also be found at alkaline/saline marshes in the Great Basin Desert. Although quite common, S. pallipes usually does not emerge in large numbers like some of the other Sympetrum species.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S5.

County records.—(27 of 29) all counties except Iron and Rich.

Elevation range.—1209–2560 m (3967–8400 ft). Only 9 records out of 307 are above 1830 m.

Flight season.—4 Jun–20 Oct; records by month: Jun (15), Jul (106), Aug (71), Sep (42), Oct (6).

U.S. range.—Most of the U.S.; missing from the southeastern U.S.

Utah range.—Map 58. Widespread throughout the valleys of Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver River, Calf Creek (Garfield), Cherry Creek (Juab), Colorado River, Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Dirty Devil River, Duchesne River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Logan River, Ogden River, Pariette Wetlands (Uintah), Price River, Provo River, San Pitch River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Kane), Utah Lake watershed, Weber River.

Habitat.—Lower-elevation valleys, ponds, springs, marshes, fields, farmland, backwater areas along streams.

Comments.—Sympetrum semicinctum is one of the most abundant dragonflies, with dozens observed at a given location during their peak flight time in July. Although Rich County harbors abundant populations of 6 of the 8 Sympetrum species found in Utah, it is 1 of 2 counties where Sympetrum semicinctum has not been found. This may be due to the higher elevations and very cold winter temperatures experienced in the Utah portion of the Wyoming Basin ecoregion. Although the species is generally restricted to lowland habitats in Utah, there are a few records from higher elevations where individuals may have been blown higher into the mountains. Sympetrum semicinctum was formerly known as Sympetrum occidentale; recent DNA studies support combining S. occidentale with S. semicinctum (Pilgrim and von Dohlen 2007).

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(21 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Carbon, Davis, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—846–1894 m (2775–6213 ft).

Flight season.—30 Apr–11 Oct.

U.S. range.—Widespread across the U.S. except the extreme north, northern Great Plains, and Rocky Mountains.

Utah range.—Map 59. Southern and western Utah, Sevier River Valley, eastern Utah along the Colorado and Green Rivers, Anderson Reservoir (Carbon), Desert Lake WMA (Emery).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Colorado River, Duchesne River, East Fork Virgin River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kanab Creek, Payson Creek, Price River, San Pitch River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Springs, marshes, ponds, at lower elevations.

Comments.—Although never very common, Tramea lacerata is widely scattered at lower-elevation springs, ponds, and marshes throughout much of Utah, except in southern Utah where it is found in greater numbers. Earlier studies of Utah dragonflies (Brown 1934, Larsen 1952, Musser 1962) do not contain many northern Utah records of this species. However, during this study many records were obtained from scattered locations in the north. It is unknown whether these northern records are the result of a northward range expansion or the result of incomplete surveying during past studies. Northern records may also be a result of migrating adults, although some appear to be from local resident populations. Unlike many dragonflies that patrol the edges of ponds and marshes, T. lacerata often glides high over ponds and nearby terrain, taking small insects from the air. A flick of their broad wings allows them to dart upward out of range at the slightest flinch of a collector's net. The “black saddlebags” at the wing bases give this dragonfly the strange appearance of flying on short, stubby black wings.

Rank.—G5, N5, S1; recommended S4.

County records.—(12 of 29) Beaver, Carbon, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, Salt Lake, Sevier, Tooele, Utah, Washington.

Elevation range.—846–1823 m (2775–5982 ft).

Flight season.—27 May–23 Jul.

U.S. range.—Southern half of the U.S., northward up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers in the Midwest.

Utah range.—Map 60. Southern Utah, northward to Salt Lake, Tooele, and Utah County.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Clear Lake WMA (Millard), Great Salt Lake watershed, Price River, Sevier River, Timpie Springs (Tooele), Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Lower-elevation ponds, springs, marshes, stream backwaters.

Comments.—Tramea onusta is generally found at ponds and marshes in southern Utah. It is less common than Tramea lacerata and less likely to migrate northward each year. However, in 2015, after a record warm winter, many were observed early in the season at more northern locations than in other years. Whether more individuals moved northward in 2015 or more of the previous year's offspring survived the winter in some life stage is unknown. A glance at the distribution map gives the impression that the species is more common and widespread in the Central Basin and Range than on the Colorado Plateau. However, in 2015, T. onusta was observed in Emery, Grand, and San Juan Counties of the Colorado Plateau ecoregion, but no voucher specimens were collected or photographed. The Juab County record is a photo record (Davis 2013b).

Rank.—G5, N5, S1; recommended S3.

County records.—(4 of 29) Box Elder, Cache, Utah, Weber.

Elevation range.—1280–1789 m (4200–5870 ft).

Flight season.—8 May–16 Aug.

U.S. range.—Northern U.S.

Utah range.—Map 61. Goshen (Utah), Logan River (Cache), lower Ogden and Weber Rivers (Weber), Raft River in extreme northwestern Utah (Box Elder).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Northern Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Goshen Warm Springs (Utah), Logan River, Ogden River, Raft River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Low-elevation streams with stream side trees and shrubs.

Comments.—When sunlight hits this large bright metallic-green damselfly, it attracts even the most casual observers. The interplay between dancing males competing for perches overhanging the stream is a sight worth watching. The stable Raft River population of extreme northwestern Utah (Box Elder) is isolated from human populations. The only possible threat at this location may be possible damage to streamside vegetation and degradation of water quality from grazing livestock in the area. The small population along the lower Weber and Ogden Rivers is likely diminishing due to encroaching housing and industry, which could affect its future especially if streamside vegetation is removed. Habitat for this species has likely been degraded or lost over the past 60 years since the first records were obtained, reducing this population to its current vulnerable state. The Cache County record is from 1951, while the Utah County record is from 1969. There are no recent records from these 2 counties.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S1.

County records.—(21 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Carbon, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—783–2295 m (2570–7530 ft).

Flight season.—23 Feb–30 Oct; records by month: Feb (1), Mar (2), Apr (11), May (11), Jun (29), Jul (53), Aug (51), Sep (34), Oct (19).

U.S. range.—Widespread in the U.S. except Washington, Idaho, and western Wyoming; more common in the south.

Utah range.—Map 62. Widespread in Utah except in the far northern counties.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Calf Creek (Garfield), Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Currant Creek (Juab), Deer Creek (Garfield), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Duchesne River, Escalante River, Fremont River, Great Basin springs, Green River, Huntington Creek (Emery), Jordan River, Kanab Creek, Mill Creek (Washington), Price River, Sand Creek (Garfield), San Juan River, San Pitch River (Sanpete), San Rafael River, Sevier River, Spanish Fork River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, White River, Willow Creek (Uintah).

Habitat.—Sandy to muddy bottomed lowerelevation streams, large or small; occasionally small rocky streams, springs, and spring runs.

Comments.—This beautiful ruby-spotted damselfly is common and widespread throughout much of the state except in the northern counties. On the map for this species, a “literature record” dot was placed in Box Elder County at the approximate location found on Provonsha's maps (1975), since no exact location data was recorded in his notes. This is the only extreme northern Utah record. Robert Larsen also reported this species from Iron County, although the record has not been verified. Males perch on rocks, debris jams, or vegetation overhanging the water, occasionally darting out after other males that intrude on their territory where they dance in circles like prize fighters in the ring.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(3 of 29) Iron, Kane, Washington.

Elevation range.—1006–1829 m (3300–6000 ft).

Flight season.—27 Mar–21 Nov.

U.S. range.—Desert southwest including Arizona, western New Mexico, extreme southern Nevada, and southwestern Utah; south into Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 63. Desert canyon streams in southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ash Creek, Coal Creek (Iron), East Fork Virgin River, Leeds Creek, Quail Creek, Santa Clara River, Virgin River tributaries in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Small sandy to rocky bottomed canyon streams usually lined with trees and shrubs.

Comments.—Hetaerina vulnerata is generally restricted to small wooded, permanent canyon streams, a rare habitat which it shares with Aeshna persephone, Oplonaeschna armata, Cordulegaster diadema, Paltothemis lineatipes, and Argia lugens. It is quite common in many of the small permanent streams in Zion National Park. Park visitors can enjoy these rubyspotted beauties dancing along Weeping Rock Creek in Zion Canyon. Habitat for this damselfly outside protected areas may be threatened as human water consumption increases. During his study of damselflies in Utah, Provonsha (1975) did not find Hetaerina americana and H. vulnerata together, suggesting their populations may be isolated ecologically.

Rank.—G5, N4, S1; recommended S2.

County records.—(16 of 29) Beaver, Carbon, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Utah, Washington.

Elevation range.—771–1990 m (2530–6530 ft).

Flight season.—6 Jul–20 Nov; records by month: Jul (5), Aug (16), Sep (47), Oct (22), Nov (6).

U.S. range.—Widespread in the U.S. except the far northern states and the Southeast.

Utah range.—Map 64. Mostly southern Utah, north to Salt Lake County.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Calf Creek (Garfield), Coal Creek and Red Creek (Iron), Colorado River, Corner Canyon Creek (Salt Lake), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Price River, Provo River, San Pitch River (Sanpete), Sevier River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River and its tributaries.

Habitat.—A variety of springs, streams, and rivers with sandy to rocky bottoms.

Comments.—The range of Archilestes gran dis appears to be expanding northward in Utah. Until 2002, all records for this very large late-season damselfly were from south central to southern Utah. For many years biology students from Timpview High School, Provo, Utah, and entomology students from Brigham Young University never collected A. grandis in northern Utah. The first specimen from Utah County came in 2002; the next in 2006. Each year thereafter, the number of specimens collected in Utah County gradually increased until 8–12 were collected every year from 2009 to 2012. The number of locations in Utah County where this species is found has also increased. Currently, this northern range expansion has now reached Salt Lake County. The cause of this expansion is unknown. One possible explanation is that anthropogenic changes to water resources causing water to be diverted and farm ponds to be created has provided a series of “stepping stones” through desert regions. Another explanation is the gradual warming trend in Utah (NOAA 2015) which may allow A. grandis larvae to survive the winter farther north and complete their life cycle.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S4.

County records.—(1 of 29) San Juan.

Elevation range.—4898 ft.

Flight season.—24 July 2015.

U.S. range.—Southeastern Utah and Colorado; Arizona to Oklahoma, south into Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 65. Southeastern Utah (San Juan).

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau.

Drainages.—Recapture Creek.

Habitat.—A small shallow pond made to capture drainage water, lined with short, sparse emergent vegetation. “Permanent or temporary ponds and seep springs with emergent vegetation, from lowlands well up into the mountains. Tolerant of saline conditions.” (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—Lestes alacer was first collected in Utah on 24 July 2015 at a small shallow pond about 15 miles south of Blanding on SR 262 (Hovenweep Road). Dozens of individuals were seen around the edges of the pond in the low weeds and emergent vegetation. Seven were obtained as voucher specimens. Preliminary identifications were made by the authors, and specimens were sent to Dennis Paulson and John Abbott. Both confirmed them as L. alacer, a new state record for Utah.

Rank.—G5, N4, SNR; recommended S1.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—1087–3194 m (3565–10,480 ft). Only 3 of 185 records are above 2438 m (8000 ft).

Flight season.—1 Jun–6 Nov; records by month: Jun (16), Jul (36), Aug (66), Sep (59), Oct (10), Nov (2).

U.S. range.—Widespread throughout the U.S. except the Southeast (Texas to Florida).

Utah range.—Map 66. Statewide, mostly at lower elevations.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, and the Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—American Fork Creek, Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver River, Boulder Creek (Garfield), Chalk Creek (Summit), Colorado River, Corn Creek (Millard), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Currant Creek (Juab), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, East Fork Sevier River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Hobble Creek (Utah), Huntington Creek (Emery), Jordan River, Kays Creek (Davis), Little Bear River, Logan River, North Creek (Beaver), Otter Creek, Pariette Wetlands (Uintah), Parowan Creek, Price River, Provo River, Raft River, Round Valley Creek (Millard), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Kane), Soldier Creek (Carbon), Spanish Fork River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Weber River, White River (Uintah), White River (Utah).

Habitat.—A variety of valley wetlands, marshes, springs, ponds, lakes, ditches, and stream backwaters; rarely found higher in the mountains at ponds and lakes.

Comments.—Lestes congener is the most common and widespread spreadwing damselfly in Utah. It is found at a variety of lowerelevation wetlands including ephemeral wetlands that usually dry up in late summer and alkaline/saline wetlands in desert regions. They emerge in large swarms in late June along the dikes at Bear River National Migratory Bird Refuge bordering the north end of the Great Salt Lake.

Rank.—G5, N5, S4; recommended S5.

County records.—(20 of 29) Beaver, Daggett, Davis, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Kane, Millard, Morgan, Rich, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Wayne.

Elevation range.—1433–2835 m (4700–9300 ft).

Flight season.—1 Jul–16 Sep; records by month: Jul (30), Aug (23), Sep (2).

U.S. range.—Northern U.S. from central California to West Virginia; south in the Rockies to northern Arizona and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 67. The central mountain ranges from northern to southern Utah, Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah, LaSal Mountains.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear River, Beaver Creek (Daggett), Beaver River, Big Brush Creek (Uintah), Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Big Lake on Aquarius Plateau (Garfield), Blacks Fork River (Summit), Carter Creek (Daggett), Colorado River higher-elevation tributaries, Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, Duck Creek (Kane), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Farmington Creek (Davis), Hobble Creek—tributary of the Straw berry River (Wasatch), Huntington Creek (Emery), Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Lost Creek tributary of Burnt Fork (Summit), Mill Creek (Grand), Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Polk Creek (Wayne), Provo River, Rock Creek (Duchesne), Sevier River, Soldier Creek (Utah), Weber River, West Fork Duchesne River (Duchesne), White River (Utah).

Habitat.—A variety of mountain marshes, sedge ponds, lakes, stream backwaters, and beaver ponds.

Comments.—Lestes disjunctus is often found at shallow sedge ponds and wet depressions in the mountains and occasionally at mountain lakes throughout the state. It is less likely to be found at lower elevations, unlike Lestes dryas which flies at both lower and higher elevations. Both L. disjunctus and L. dryas fly at many of the same mountain habitats, with L. dryas emerging earlier in the season and L. disjunctus appearing later. There are several mountain areas that have not yet been surveyed late in the season where L. disjunctus may occur. The Carbon County record found in Provonsha (1975) is likely from Utah County and therefore not included here.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S4.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—1280–3237 m (4200–10,620 ft).

Flight season.—20 May–3 Sep; records by month: May (3), Jun (30), Jul (57), Aug (27), Sep (1).

U.S. range.—Northern U.S.; south down the Rockies to northern Arizona and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 68. Statewide, except in the lower Virgin River area around St. George.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, and Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear River, Beaver Creek (Daggett), Beaver River, Big Brush Creek (Uintah), Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Big Lake on Aquarius Plateau (Garfield), Blacks Fork River (Summit), Blue Creek tributary of the Left Fork of North Fork Virgin River (Washington), Carter Creek (Daggett), Castle Creek (Grand), Dalton Springs (San Juan), Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, Duck Creek (Kane), East Fork Blacks Fork (Summit), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), Fifth Water Creek (Utah), Fremont River, Great Basin springs and wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Fremont River (upper tributaries), Hobble Creek—tributary of the Strawberry River (Wasatch), Huntington Creek, Jordan River, Lake Creek (Wasatch), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Lost Creek (Morgan), Lost Creek tributary of Burnt Fork (Summit), Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Pine Creek (Wayne), Polk Creek (Wayne), Price River, Provo River, Red Creek (Duchesne), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Scad Valley Creek (Emery), Seven Mile Creek (Sevier), Sevier River, Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Soldier Creek (Carbon), Spanish Fork River, Uinta River (Uintah), Utah Lake watershed, Weber River, West Fork Bear River (Summit), West Fork Duchesne River (Wasatch), Whiterocks River (Uintah).

Habitat.—A variety of valley wetlands, both permanent and temporary, including marshes, ponds, shallow lakes, ditches, canals, and flooded backwaters of streams, as well as higher-elevation sedge marshes, ponds, and flooded lake edges.

Comments.—Lestes dryas is a beautiful emerald-green spreadwing that emerges by the hundreds at many locations. This is the first spreadwing to emerge each year in Utah, beginning in late May at lower elevations, then later at higher elevations. It has the greatest elevation range of any spreadwing in Utah, which contributes to its widespread distribution throughout the state.

Rank.—G5, N5, S2; recommended S5.

County records.—(8 of 29) Cache, Daggett, Duchesne, Rich, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Weber.

Elevation range.—1291–2621 m (4235–8600 ft).

Flight season.—19 Jul–5 Oct; one record on 15 April 1905.

U.S. range.—Northern two-thirds of U.S.

Utah range.—Map 69. Northern Utah and the Uinta Basin.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, and Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Creek (Daggett), Blacksmiths Fork (Cache), Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, Green River, Provo River, Spanish Fork River, Uinta River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Valley wetlands including marshes, slow streams, larger rivers and ponds, sedge marshes in the mountains.

Comments.—The range of Lestes unguiculatus is restricted to northern Utah and the Uinta Basin. It is often found with other spreadwings but usually in lesser numbers. However, at several locations in the Uinta Basin it can be abundant. With the aid of a hand lens, this beautiful spreadwing can be identified by its lyre-tipped paraprocts.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—1170–2778 m (3840–9115 ft).

Flight season.—26 Apr–4 Oct; records by month: Mar (1), Apr (2), May (42), Jun (74), Jul (61), Aug (9), Sep (1), Oct (1).

U.S. range.—Western U.S., east to eastern Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 70. Statewide except extreme southwest Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—American Fork Creek, Ashley Creek, Bear Creek (Iron), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Blacksmiths Fork (Cache), Calf Creek (Garfield), Clover Creek (Tooele), Cotton Thomas Creek (Box Elder), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Dalton Springs (San Juan), Deer Creek (Garfield), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, East Canyon Creek (Morgan), East Fork Sevier River, East Fork Virgin River (Garfield), Enterprise Creek (Washington), Escalante River, Fifth Water Creek (Utah), Fremont River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Grouse Creek (Box Elder), Hobble Creek (Utah), Hobble Creek—tributary of the Strawberry River (Wasatch), Huntington Creek, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jones Hole Creek (Uintah), Kanab Creek, Logan River, Long Birch Creek (Box Elder), Mammoth Creek (Garfield), Mill Creek (Weber), Montez Creek (Uintah), Nine Mile Creek (Carbon), North Creek (Beaver), Ogden River, Otter Creek, Payson Creek, Price River, Provo River, Raft River, Red Creek (Duchesne), Sand Creek (Wayne), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Kane), Silver Creek (Summit), Spanish Fork River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River, Wahweap Creek (Kane), Wallsburg Creek (Wasatch), Weber River, West Fork Duchesne River, White River (Utah), Willow Creek (Daggett).

Habitat.—Springs, seeps, slow streams and stream backwaters, pond and lake edges, and many other wetlands, preferably with short, thick shoreline vegetation.

Comments.—Amphiagrion abbreviatum is common and widespread throughout the state at a variety of wetlands where they tend to stay low down in the vegetation among the watercress, spike rushes, and sedges. They also have a large elevation range, emerging at lower elevations in spring and at higher elevations later in the summer. This small hairy, red and black damselfly is the only red damselfly throughout most of the state, except in extreme southwestern Utah where the fiery orange-red Telebasis salva can be found.

Rank.—G5, N5, S5; recommended S5.

County records.—(16 of 29) Box Elder, Davis, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Juab, Kane, Millard, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—853–1887 m (2800–6190 ft).

Flight season.—1 May–30 Oct.

U.S. range.—Iowa, Missouri, and Oklahoma; west to Oregon and California; south to Arizona and Texas.

Utah range.—Map 71. Western Utah, east central and southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bear River, Calf Creek (Garfield), Colorado River, Escalante River, Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Midway Hot Springs (Wasatch), Paria River (Garfield), San Juan River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Kane), Utah Lake.

Habitat.—Slow-moving desert streams, desert springs, and spring runs.

Comments.—Argia alberta is a small bright blue-violet dancer that typically inhabits the widely scattered springs, spring runs, and backwaters of slow-moving desert streams of the Great Basin in western Utah and the Colorado Plateau in eastern Utah. Unlike other Argia species in Utah, A. alberta is not necessarily tied to stream habitat. Without careful examination, it can be mistaken for other damselfly species such as Argia nahuana or possibly even Enallagma species.

Rank.—G4, N4, S2; recommended S4.

County records.—(16 of 29) Box Elder, Cache, Carbon, Duchesne, Emery, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Sevier, Uintah, Utah, Wayne, Weber.

Elevation range.—1280–1981 m (4200–6500 ft).

Flight season.—12 May–12 Aug; records by month: May (1), Jun (11), Jul (23), Aug (12).

U.S. range.—Washington to Montana and Nebraska; south to Central California and Colorado.

Utah range.—Map 72. Northern to south central Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek, Bear River, Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Duchesne River, Jordan River, Malad River, Ogden River, Price River, Raft River, Red Creek (Duchesne), Sand Creek (Wayne), San Rafael River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Kane), Weber River, White River (Uintah), Willow Creek (Uintah).

Habitat.—Small, sandy to rocky bottomed streams as well as larger slow-moving rivers.

Comments.—Argia emma is a northern species that extends south into Utah. It appears to be restricted to low to midelevation sandy to rocky bottomed streams mostly in the northern half of the state, with one record as far south as the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in Kane County. This purple-colored dancer is often found with the more common and widespread Argia vivida.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—(3 of 29) Kane, San Juan, Washington.

Elevation range.—930–1545 m (3050–5070 ft).

Flight season.—21 Jul–5 Oct.

U.S. range.—Southwest U.S., from southern California to southwestern Texas.

Utah range.—Map 73. Southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Bowns Canyon Creek off Lake Powell (Kane), Leeds Creek, Peekaboo Springs in Lost Canyon (San Juan), Virgin River, Weeping Rock Creek in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Small- to medium-sized streams with sandy to rocky bottoms, springs.

Comments.—A fairly recent discovery for Utah (Johnson 2004, Bailowitz and Stevens 2006), Argia hinei has now been found at 5 different locations in Utah including Zion National Park. However, 2 specimens collected much earlier (Aug 1993) by Boris Kondratieff at Peekaboo Springs in Canyonlands National Park (San Juan) were recently discovered in the Colorado State Collection and identified in 2011. Southern Utah appears to be the northern boundary of this southwestern species.

Rank.—G4, N4, SNR; recommended S1.

County records.—(2 of 29) Kane, Washington.

Elevation range.—846–1661 m (2775–5450 ft).

Flight season.—16 Jun–5 Oct.

U.S. range.—Mainly southwestern U.S.; southern Oregon, south through California, east through southern Utah and Colorado to southwestern Texas; isolated records from Nebraska and South Dakota; no Nevada records.

Utah range.—Map 74. Extreme southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Colorado River tributary in Glen Canyon (Kane), East Fork Virgin River, LaVerkin Creek, Leeds Creek, Virgin River including its tributaries in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Small- to medium-sized desert canyon streams with sandy to rocky substrates.

Comments.—Argia lugens is one of the largest dancers in Utah, rivaled only by Argia moesta. Mature males are easily identified by their dark body covered with a sooty pruinescence and smoky-colored wings. This species is one of several dancers limited to streams of southern Utah. The sooty dancer is the dominant damselfly at some streams in Zion National Park. Nine specimens located in the CSUC were collected in 1997 by J.F. Mac-Donald off the Excalante River arm of Lake Powell in Cow Canyon (Kane) and identified by B. & I. Prather in 2004. This population of A. lugens appears to be isolated from other populations by the building of the Glen Canyon Dam and the formation of Lake Powell.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S2.

County records.—(7 of 29) Emery, Grand, Juab, Millard, San Juan, Uintah, Washington.

Elevation range.—930–1509 m (3050–4950 ft).

Flight season.—14 Jun–5 Oct.

U.S. range.—Eastern U.S., west to eastern Colorado, south across New Mexico to southern California, northwest into Montana.

Utah range.—Map 75. Southern Utah; north up the Colorado and Green Rivers and their tributaries to Jensen (Uintah); Virgin River and its tributaries, along the Sevier River from the top of Leamington Canyon, southwest to Delta (Juab, Millard).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Colorado River, East Fork Virgin River, Green River, LaVerkin Creek, McElmo Creek (San Juan), Negro Bill Creek (Grand), North Creek (Washington), Price River, San Juan River, San Rafael River, Sevier River, Virgin River, White River (Uintah).

Habitat.—Medium to large rivers with muddy to sandy bottoms.

Comments.—Argia moesta can be abundant at times along the Colorado and Green Rivers, swarming the shoreline vegetation beyond the river's edge. It is very likely that this species is also found in deep remote canyons such as Cataract, Labyrinth, and Desolation Canyons in Garfield, Wayne, and Carbon Counties which border the west bank of the Colorado and Green Rivers. During this study, new populations of A. moesta were discovered for the first time in the Central Basin and Range ecoregion along the lower Sevier River in Juab and Millard Counties.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(2 of 29) Millard, Washington.

Elevation range.—808–1509 m (2650–4950 ft).

Flight season.—15 Apr–16 Oct.

U.S. range.—Southern Oregon, south through California, Nevada, and southwestern Utah; east through Arizona to east Texas; north through eastern Colorado, Kansas, and Nebraska.

Utah range.—Map 76. Extreme southwestern Utah, Gandy Hot Springs (Millard).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Ash Creek, Beaver Dam Wash, Gandy Hot Springs (Millard), Leeds Creek, Magotsu Creek, Mill Creek, Santa Clara River, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Small sandy to rocky bottomed streams, often with emergent vegetation such as watercress and rushes; springs; hot springs.

Comments.—Argia nahuana is a common dancer at the streams and springs in Washington County in southwestern Utah. Only one record is known from Utah outside of Washington County far to the north at Gandy Hot Springs in extreme western Millard County. These small blue dancers can easily be mistaken for Enallagma species (Bluets). The very similar Argia agrioides (California Dancer) has not been confirmed from Utah but is found in nearby Nevada and Arizona.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S3.

County records.—(2 of 29) Kane, Washington. Elevation range.—783–1780 m (2570–5840 ft).

Flight season.—14 Apr–5 Oct; records by month: Apr (1), Jun (6), Jul (2), Aug (0), Sep (0), Oct (1).

U.S. range.—East central U.S., west to Colorado; Florida to California; north to central Nevada and southwestern Utah.

Utah range.—Map 77. Extreme southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—East Fork Virgin River, Kanab Creek (Kane), LaVerkin Creek, Mill Creek, North Creek, Santa Clara River, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Small sandy to rocky-bottomed streams lined with small spike rushes; springs.

Comments.—Argia sedula is an uncommon damselfly found in small numbers at only 8 locations in the Virgin River drainage and one location north of Kanab (Kane). Only 4 of these locations appear to be stable habitat. Most records are from June.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S1.

County records.—(25 of 29) all counties except Cache, Morgan, Piute, and Rich.

Elevation range.—762–2387 m (2500–7830 ft).

Flight season.—27 Mar–7 Nov; records by month: Mar (3), Apr (4), May (37), Jun (87), Jul (126), Aug (57), Sep (38), Oct (6), Nov (1).

U.S. range.—Western U.S., east to eastern Montana and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 78. Widespread throughout Utah.

Ecoregions.—All 7 ecoregions found in Utah.

Drainages.—Ash Creek (Washington), Ashley Creek (Uintah), Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Bennie Creek (Utah), Big Spring Creek (San Juan), Calf Creek (Garfield), Castle Creek (Grand), Cherry Creek (Juab), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Currant Creek (Juab), Deer Creek (Garfield), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork River (Utah), Duchesne River, East Fork Sevier River, East Fork Virgin River, Echo Creek (Summit), Escalante River (Garfield), Great Basin springs and streams, Great Salt Lake watershed, Henrieville Creek (Garfield), Hobble Creek (Utah), Huntington Creek, Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kanab Creek (Kane), Last Chance Creek (Kane), LaVerkin Creek, Leeds Creek, Magotsu Creek, Mill Creek (Grand), Mill Creek (Washington), Negro Bill Creek (Grand), Paria River (Kane), Parowan Creek (Iron), Pine Creek (Garfield), Pleasant Creek (Wayne), Price River, Provo River, Quail Creek, Raft River, Red Creek (Duchesne), Red Creek (Iron), Sand Creek (Garfield), Sand Creek (Wayne), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Kane), Silver Creek (Summit), Soldier Creek (Utah), Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River and its tributaries in Zion NP, Weber River, Willow Creek (Daggett).

Habitat.—A variety of stream habitats from small, sandy to rocky bottomed streams to large rivers with muddy bottoms, springs, spring runs.

Comments.—This bright purple-blue damselfly is Utah's most common and widespread dancer found at a variety of stream habitats from low to midelevations throughout the state. Records exist from spring through fall. Like most dancers, they perch horizontally on rocks, branches, and stream debris, with wings held over the abdomen.

Rank.—G5, N5, S5; recommended S5.

County records.—(17 of 29) Beaver, Daggett, Davis, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Kane, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Summit, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Wayne.

Elevation range.—1696–3357 m (5565–11,012 ft) Only 3 records below 2134 m (7000 ft).

Flight season.—13 Jun–23 Aug.

U.S. range.—Alaska, Canada, northern U.S.; south, down the Sierra Nevada Mountains to northern California, and down the Rockies to northern Arizona and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 79. Mountain ranges from northern to southern Utah, northeastern Utah (Uinta Mountains), and southeastern Utah (LaSal Mountains).

Ecoregions.—Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Upper reaches of the following: Ashley Creek (Uintah), Beaver Creek (Daggett), Beaver River, Big Brush Creek (Uintah), Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Big Lake on Aquarius Plateau (Garfield), Blacks Fork Creek (Summit), Deep Creek (Wasatch), Duchesne River, Duck Creek (Kane), East Fork Sevier River (Garfield), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), Farmington Creek, Geyser Creek (San Juan), Hayden Fork (Summit), Henrys Fork (Summit), Hobble Creek—tributary of the Strawberry River (Wasatch), Lake Creek (Wasatch), Little West Fork (Wasatch), Mill Creek (Grand), North Creek (Garfield), Otter Creek (Sevier), Pine Creek (Wayne), Provo River, Rock Creek (Duchesne), Scad Valley Creek (Emery), Seven Mile Creek (Sevier), Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Daggett), Soldier Creek (Utah), Weber River, West Fork Bear River (Summit), West Fork Duchesne River, Whiterocks River.

Habitat.—High mountain sedge ponds and lakes, bog ponds, stream backwaters, beaver dams.

Comments.—Coenagrion resolutum, along with Enallagma annexum and Enallagma boreale, are Utah's highest-elevation damselflies, with records over 3350 m (11,000 ft). Although C. resolutum is common within its own habitat, it is less widespread and more restricted to the higher elevations than the 2 Enallagma species, which are often found at lower elevations. These beautiful pastel blue and green damselflies fly low among the sedges that line ponds and lakes. The black “U” on the dorsal surface of abdominal segment 2 is distinctive.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(19 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Daggett, Duchesne, Garfield, Juab, Morgan, Piute, Rich, Salt Lake, Sevier, Sum mit, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Wayne, Weber.

Elevation range.—1280–2211 m (4200–7255 ft).

Flight season.—30 Apr–7 Oct; records by month: Apr (1), May (7), Jun (22), Jul (33), Aug (9), Sep (10), Oct (1).

U.S. range.—Oregon to Wisconsin, south to Arizona, New Mexico, and California.

Utah range.—Map 80. Northern Utah, south to Beaver and Wayne Counties.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver River, Cherry Creek (Juab), Cotton Thomas Creek (Box Elder), Deep Creek (Box Elder), Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, Echo Creek (Summit), Fifth Water Creek (Utah), Fremont River, Great Salt Lake watershed, Horseshoe Springs (Tooele), Jones Hole Creek (Uintah), Jordan River, Logan River, Malad River, North Creek (Beaver), Ogden River, Otter Creek, Provo River, Raft River, Sevier River, Silver Creek (Summit), Timpie Springs (Tooele), Uinta River, Weber River, Willow Creek (Daggett).

Habitat.—A variety of small- and mediumsized streams with muddy, sandy, and rocky bottoms at low to midelevations, also springs and spring runs.

Comments.—Enallagma anna is a common species found in stream habitats of northern Utah and south to central Utah. It is one of 2 Enallagma species in Utah that prefers lotic habitats rather than lentic ones. The other, Enallagma praevarum, replaces E. anna in southern Utah. At Timpie Springs in Tooele County, E. anna can be found in large numbers. As with all Enallagma species, recognition of the unique structures of the caudal appendages aids in identifying the males.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—(26 of 29) all counties except Millard, Piute, and Tooele.

Elevation range.—1071–3170 m (3515–10,400 ft).

Flight season.—24 Mar–26 Sep; records by month: Mar (1), Apr (0), May (8), Jun (82), Jul (130), Aug (55), Sep (6).

U.S. range.—Alaska, Canada, northern U.S.; south in the west to southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 81. Widespread throughout Utah, except the Great Basin Desert.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—American Fork Creek, Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver Creek (Daggett), Beaver Creek (Summit), Beaver River, Big Brush Creek (Uintah), Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Big Spring Creek (San Juan), Blacks Fork (Sum mit), Calf Creek (Garfield), Carter Creek (Daggett), Colorado River, Coop Creek (Wasatch), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Coyote Wash (Uintah), Currant Creek (Wasatch), Deep Creek (Wasatch), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, East Fork Sevier River (Garfield), East Fork Smiths Fork (Summit), East Fork Virgin River, Escalante River, Farmington Creek, Fifth Water Creek (Utah), Fremont River, Gooseberry Creek (Sanpete), Gordon Creek (Carbon), Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Hayden Fork (Summit), Henrys Fork (Summit), Hobble Creek (Utah), Hobble Creek—tributary of the Strawberry River (Wasatch), Huntington Creek (Emery), Indian Creek (San Juan), Kolob Creek (Washington), Lake Creek (Wasatch), Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Leeds Creek, Logan River, Lost Creek (Morgan), Mill Creek (Grand), Montez Creek (Uintah), Monticello Lake (San Juan), Negro Bill Creek (Grand), North Creek (Washington), Oak Creek (Sanpete), Ogden River, Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Pine Creek in Zion NP, Posey Lake (Garfield), Price River, Provo River, Quail Creek, Raft River, Red Creek (Duchesne), Red Creek (Iron), Rock Creek (Duchesne), Salt Creek (Juab), Scad Valley Creek (Emery), Seely Creek (Sanpete), Seven Mile Creek (Wayne), Sevier River, Sheep Creek (Daggett), Silver Creek (Summit), Smith and Morehouse Creek (Summit), Soapstone Creek (Wasatch), Soldier Creek (Carbon), Soldier Creek (Utah), Spanish Fork River, Uinta River, Utah Lake watershed, Weber River (Morgan), Weeping Rock Creek in Zion NP, West Fork Bear River (Summit), West Fork Duchesne River (Wasatch), West Fork Whiterocks River (Duchesne), Whiterocks River, Willow Creek (Daggett), Willow Creek (Sanpete), Wolf Creek (Wasatch), Woodruff Creek (Rich).

Habitat.—A broad range of springs, ponds, lakes, and stream backwaters at a wide range of elevations.

Comments.—Enallagma annexum is the first Enallagma species to emerge each spring and one of the most common and widespread in Utah, except in the desert wetland areas of the Great Basin where it appears to be absent. It can be found early in the season at a variety of wetlands on the valley floors and later at higher elevations in the mountains at ponds and lakes. Individuals often emerge in large numbers at a given location, especially at Posey Lake on the Aquarius Plateau where the lake surface and nearby vegetation literally turn blue from a covering of thousands of damselflies. The brook trout in the lake go into a feeding frenzy each morning as the larvae swim to the surface in search of emergent vegetation to crawl upon out of the water in order to emerge into adults. Enallagma annexum was formerly included with the Palearctic species Enallagma cyathigerum (Turgeon et al. 2005).

Rank.—G5, N5, S4; recommended S5.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—1291–3357 m (4235–11,012 ft).

Flight season.—23 May–25 Sep; records by month: May (5), Jun (75), Jul (77), Aug (29), Sep (4).

U.S. range.—Alaska; south to southern California, Arizona, and New Mexico in the west; northern U.S., south to Nebraska and West Virginia.

Utah range.—Map 82. Widespread throughout Utah except extreme southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver River, Big Lake on Aquarius Plateau (Garfield), Blue Creek (Washington), Bowery Creek (Iron), Burraston Ponds (Juab), Cherry Creek (Juab), Clear Creek (Sevier), Clover Creek (Tooele), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Coyote Wash (Uintah), Cyclone and Posey Lakes (Garfield), Deep Creek (Wasatch), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Duchesne River, Duck Creek (Kane), East Fork Sevier River (Garfield), East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Ephraim Creek (Sanpete), Fremont River (Wayne), Foy Lake (San Juan), Geyser Creek (San Juan), Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Hall Creek in Capital Reef NP, Henrieville Creek (Garfield), Huntington Creek (Emery), Ivie Creek (Millard), Johnson Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kanab Creek (Kane), Kanarraville Creek (Iron), Kolob Creek (Washington), Mammoth Creek (Garfield), Mill Creek (Grand), Montez Creek (Uintah), North Creek (Beaver), North Creek (Garfield), North Willow Creek (Tooele), Little Bear River (Cache), Little Pine Creek (Washington), Oak Creek (Garfield), Oak Creek (Sanpete), Otter Creek, Parowan Creek, Pine Creek (Wayne), Polk Creek (Wayne), Price River, Raft River, Red Creek (Duchesne), Red Creek (Iron), Round Valley Creek (Millard), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River, Seven Mile Creek (Sevier), Sevier River, Soldier Creek (Carbon), Soldier Creek (Utah), South Willow Creek (Tooele), Steep Creek (Garfield), Trout Creek (Juab), Weber River, White River (Uintah), White River (Utah), Willow Creek (Sevier).

Habitat.—Springs, marshes, ponds, lakes, stream backwaters.

Comments.—Enallagma boreale is the most common and widespread bluet in Utah, tolerating a wide variety of habitats and conditions at a wide range of elevations. It is one of 4 damselflies found above 3050 m (10,000 ft), along with Enallagma annexum, Coenagrion resolutum, and occasionally Lestes dryas. Enallagma boreale and E. annexum fly together at some locations in the mountains, while at other locations only one or the other is present. Interestingly, E. boreale has been found in lowland slightly alkaline/saline wetlands where E. annexum is absent, such as Desert Lake WMA (Emery) and Quichapa Lake, west of Cedar City (Iron). Although both E. annexum and E. boreale are widespread throughout the state, E. annexum is more common in the northern mountains, while E. boreale is more common in the southern mountains.

Rank.—G5, N5, S4; recommended S5.

County records.—(27 of 29) all counties except Summit and Wayne.

Elevation range.—948–2515 m (3110–8250 ft). Only 2 records above 2134 m (7000 ft).

Flight season.—26 Apr–24 Oct; records by month: Apr (1), May (10), Jun (73), Jul (94), Aug (56), Sep (34), Oct (3).

U.S. range.—Widespread throughout the U.S. except the Southeast.

Utah range.—Map 83. Widespread throughout Utah at lower elevations.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver River, Burraston Ponds (Juab), Castle Creek (Grand), Cherry Creek (Juab), Clear Creek (Sevier), Clover Creek (Tooele), Currant Creek (Juab), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Duchesne River, East Fork Sevier River (Garfield), East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Escalante River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Huntington Creek (Emery), Indian Creek (San Juan), Jordan River, Kanab Creek (Kane), Little Bear River (Cache), Malad River, Montez Creek (Uintah), Ogden River, Otter Creek (Piute), Panguitch Creek, Pariette Wetlands (Uintah), Parowan Creek (Iron), Provo River, Round Valley Creek (Millard), Salt Creek (Juab), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Trout Creek (Juab), Utah Lake watershed, Weber River, White River (Uintah).

Habitat.—Springs, marshes, ponds, lakes, backwaters of streams and rivers.

Comments.—Enallagma carunculatum is widespread in valley wetlands, particularly those of the Central Basin and Range ecoregion where it is often the dominant damselfly. Similar to E. clausum, E. carunculatum appears to be more tolerant of alkaline/saline conditions than most damselflies. Although it can be found from spring until fall, it is more common in late spring and early summer.

Rank.—G5, N5, S4; recommended S5.

County records.—(20 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Carbon, Emery, Garfield, Grand, Iron, Juab, Kane, Millard, Piute, Salt Lake, San Juan, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—701–1984 m (2300–6510 ft).

Flight season.—23 Feb–7 Nov; records by month: Feb (2), Mar (1), Apr (2), May (11), Jun (41), Jul (29), Aug (18), Sep (3), Oct (11), Nov (2).

U.S. range.—Widespread throughout the U.S. except the Northwest.

Utah range.—Map 84. Scattered throughout Utah at lower elevations; missing from counties with mostly higher elevations, especially in northern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ash Creek (Washington), Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Castle Creek (Grand), Clear Lake WMA (Millard), Clover Creek (Tooele), Colorado River, Currant Creek (Juab), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), East Fork Virgin River (Washington), Escalante River (Garfield), Fish Springs (Juab), Fremont River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Jordan River, Malad River, McElmo Creek (San Juan), North Creek (Washington), Pack Creek (San Juan), Pariette Wetlands (Uintah), Price River, Quail Creek, San Juan River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Marshes, ponds, springs, slow streams, and stream backwaters.

Comments.—Enallagma civile can be found in local populations at lower elevations throughout much of Utah. There are fewer populations in the northern counties. Early and late-season records come from extreme southwestern Utah and warm springs farther north. Enallagma civile is abundant at Goshen Warm Springs (Utah) where it is the dominant bluet (Enallagma).

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—(22 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Duchesne, Emery, Garfield, Iron, Juab, Millard, Morgan, Piute, Rich, Salt Lake, Sanpete, Sevier, Tooele, Uintah, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—1280–2323 m (4200–7620 ft). Only 3 records exist over 1829 m (6000 ft).

Flight season.—27 Apr–5 Oct; records by month: Apr (1), May (3), Jun (26), Jul (24), Aug (14), Sep (2), Oct (2).

U.S. range.—Washington to Minnesota, south through Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, and California.

Utah range.—Map 85. Western Utah, Uintah Basin, Desert Lake (Emery), Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Garfield).

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Clover Creek (Tooele), Currant Creek (Juab), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), East Canyon Creek (Morgan), Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Jordan River, Little Pine Creek (Washington), Otter Creek, Provo River, Sevier River, Strawberry River, Trout Creek (Juab), Trout Creek (Wasatch), Utah Lake watershed, Weber River, Willow Creek (Sevier).

Habitat.—Lowlands in alkali marshes, springs, ponds, lakes, slow streams, and oxbows.

Comments.—Enallagma clausum can be found at alkaline/saline wetlands of the Central Basin and Range and Colorado Plateau ecoregions including areas such as Desert Lake Wildlife Management Area (Emery) and the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (Garfield). It is often found with Enallagma carunculatum, another bluet that seems to tolerate these wetlands. Occasionally it is found with Enallagma civile at springs.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—(4 of 29) Cache, Garfield, Rich, Weber.

Elevation range.—1291–1814 m (4235–5950 ft).

Flight season.—26 Jun–24 Aug.

U.S. range.—Northern one-third of U.S.

Utah range.—Map 86. Extreme northern Utah and Garfield County.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear Lake watershed (Rich), Bear River (Cache), Calf Creek (Garfield), Weber River (Weber).

Habitat.—Valley lowlands in marshes, ponds, and river oxbows.

Comments.—Enallagma ebrium, a northern species, is uncommon in Utah and is known from only 5 locations. Four of the 5 records are from extreme northern Utah. The Calf Creek record, a female collected in the year 2000 from the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, was identified by John Abbott and appears to be a southern range extension in the western United States.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S2.

County records.—(3 of 29) Garfield, Kane, Washington.

Elevation range.—846–1737 m (2775–5700 ft).

Flight season.—13 May–30 Oct.

U.S. range.—California, across southern Nevada, southern Utah, Arizona, New Mexico to west Texas; east of the Rockies, Montana south to west central Texas.

Utah range.—Map 87. Southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Ash Creek (Washington), Beaver Dam Wash, Calf Creek (Garfield), East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Little Pine Creek (Washington), Mill Creek (Washington), North Creek (Washington), Pine Creek in Zion NP, Quail Creek, Santa Clara River, Virgin River, Weeping Rock Creek in Zion NP.

Habitat.—Desert springs, permanent desert streams with sandy to rocky substrates.

Comments.—Enallagma praevarum is a southern species that appears to replace E. anna in southern Utah. No range overlap of the 2 species has been observed in Utah. Like Enallagma anna, E. praevarum prefers small streams and spring runs. Caudal appendages of the 2 species are similar in appearance, with extended cerci. However, in E. praevarum, the cerci are slightly shorter than those of E. anna. All records except 2 are from Washington County.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(8 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Millard, Salt Lake, Tooele, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—701–1441 m (2300–4728 ft).

Flight season.—28 May–5 Oct.

U.S. range.—Southern Oregon, south through California, Nevada, and Utah; Arizona, west to Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.

Utah range.—Map 88. Western Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Crystal Hot Springs (Box Elder), Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Sevier River, Timpie Springs (Tooele), Virgin River, Weber River.

Habitat.—Marshes, ponds, springs, spring runs, and slow streams.

Comments.—With its large size and orange abdomen, Ischnura barberi cannot be mistaken for any other Ischnura in Utah. It is commonly found along shoreline vegetation at alkaline/saline wetlands and desert springs of the Great Basin. At most locations, it is widely dispersed and few in number. However, the species is common at ponds along the freeway (I-80) near Saltair in Salt Lake County and is the dominant damselfly at ponds below Crystal Hot Springs in Box Elder County.

Rank.—G4, N4, S2; recommended S3.

County records.—(27 of 29) all counties except Grand and San Juan.

Elevation range.—850–2661 m (2790–8730 ft). Only 7 records exist above 2134 m (7000 ft).

Flight season.—23 Feb–18 Oct; records by month: Feb (1), Mar (0), Apr (5), May (30), Jun (75), Jul (79), Aug (43), Sep (12), Oct (1).

U.S. range.—Western U.S., Washington to eastern Montana; south to southern Arizona and New Mexico.

Utah range.—Map 89. Widespread throughout Utah except in the southeastern region.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Blacksmiths Fork (Cache), Cherry Creek (Juab), Clover Creek (Tooele), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Dry Gulch Creek (Duchesne), Duchesne River, Fremont River, Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Green River, Jordan River, LaVerkin Creek (Washington), Little Bear River (Cache), Little Pine Creek (Washington), Logan River, Montez Creek (Uintah), Ogden River, Otter Creek, Parowan Creek, Payson Creek, Price River, Provo River, Rock Creek (Duchesne), Round Valley Creek (Millard), San Pitch River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Silver Creek (Summit), Spanish Fork River, Uinta River (Duchesne), Utah Lake watershed, Weber River, Willow Creek (Daggett), Willow Creek (Wasatch).

Habitat.—Ponds, lakes, springs, marshes, slow streams, backwaters of streams.

Comments.—Ischnura cervula is common and widespread throughout the state except in southeastern Utah where it appears to be replaced by the very similar Ischnura damula. It tolerates a variety of habitats and has a fairly large elevation range. It is often the first damselfly to appear in the spring in northern Utah. This species stays low in vegetation along the shoreline making it difficult to observe even though it is quite abundant at times.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S5.

County records.—(8 of 29) Emery, Garfield, Grand, Kane, San Juan, Tooele, Washington, Wayne.

Elevation range.—1180–2621 m (3870–8600 ft).

Flight season.—14 May–4 Sep.

U.S. range.—Montana to North Dakota, south to Arizona and west Texas.

Utah range.—Map 90. East central to southern Utah, Tooele County.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Southern Rockies, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Calf Creek (Garfield), Castle Creek (Grand), Colorado River, Deer Creek (Garfield), Dirty Devil River (Wayne), East Fork Sevier River (Garfield), East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Escalante River, Fish Creek (San Juan), Green River, Indian Creek (San Juan), Kanab Creek, Leeds Creek (Washington), Pack Creek (San Juan), Sheep Creek (Kane), Timpie Springs (Tooele).

Habitat.—Ponds, springs, small streams with vegetation.

Comments.—Ischnura damula is common in southeastern Utah, replacing the similar Ischnura cervula at similar habitats at low elevations. It is also found at higher elevations in the Abajo Mountains west of Monticello at Monticello Lake and Foy Lake, both above 2500 m (8200 ft). Like all Ischnura, this species usually stays low in shoreline vegetation. Both I. damula and I. cervula can be found together at Green River State Park. The outlier records for this species in Tooele County (Provonsha 1975) far to the north are puzzling and have not been duplicated. The original specimens were not studied by the authors of this paper.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S4.

County records.—(2 of 29) Garfield, San Juan.

Elevation range.—1494–1795 m (4900–5890 ft).

Flight season.—16 Jun–2 Aug.

U.S. range.—Southwest U.S., north to Colorado and Nebraska.

Utah range.—Map 91. Southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau.

Drainages.—Bryce Canyon (Garfield), Calf Creek (Garfield), McCracken Spring (San Juan), Recapture Creek (San Juan).

Habitat.—Springs, ponds, and small desert creeks.

Comments.—Ahrens (1938) was the first to collect Ischnura demorsa in Utah, taking 1 male and 2 females in the vicinity of Bryce Canyon on 14 August 1936 (exact location unknown). Provonsha (1975) reported this species from McCracken Spring in San Juan County. A new location was discovered in 2015 at a small cattle pond south of Blanding in the Recapture Creek drainage. A more thorough search in southeastern Utah may turn up more populations. Males of this forktail, with their small green-striped thorax, can be mistaken for Ischnura perparva without examination of the paraprocts. In I. demorsa, the upper projection is much longer than the lower, while in I. perparva both forks are generally equal in length (Paulson 2009).

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S1.

County records.—(16 of 29) Beaver, Box Elder, Cache, Davis, Garfield, Juab, Kane, Millard, Rich, Salt Lake, San Juan, Tooele, Utah, Wasatch, Washington, Weber.

Elevation range.—762–1726 m (2500–5662 ft).

Flight season.—7 Apr–7 Nov; records by month: Apr (6), May (14), Jun (39), Jul (22), Aug (13), Sep (18), Oct (6), Nov (3).

U.S. range.—Oregon and southwestern Idaho, south to southern California; east to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.

Utah range.—Map 92. The Great Basin in western Utah and scattered locations in southern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—Bear River, Beaver Dam Wash, Beaver River, Escalante River (Garfield), Fish Springs (Juab), Goshen Warm Springs (Utah), Great Basin wetlands, Great Salt Lake watershed, Kanab Creek (Kane), Midway Hot Springs (Wasatch), Mill Creek (Washington), Quail Creek, San Juan River, Santa Clara River, Sevier River (Millard), Utah Lake watershed, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Desert springs, spring runs, small streams, desert marshes.

Comments.—Ischnura denticollis is our smallest forktail. It has a velvet, black front to the thorax, sometimes with a gold, iridescent sheen and sides that are a pastel blue-green. They are typically found at scattered desert springs in the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion. Farther south, in the Mojave Basin and Range Ecoregion and the southern portion of the Colorado Plateau Ecoregion, they can also be found at small streams as well as springs. The only record from the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains comes from hot springs at Midway in Wasatch County. The literature record (Provonsha 1975) from the Wyoming Basin (Rich) has not been repeated. Like other forktails, they stay low in the shoreline vegetation. This habit, along with their small size, makes them difficult to observe even though they can be quite common.

Rank.—G5, N5, S3; recommended S4.

County records.—All counties.

Elevation range.—1128–2587 m (3700–8486 ft).

Flight season.—19 Apr–18 Oct; records by month: Apr (2), May (24), Jun (99), Jul (109), Aug (64), Sep (20), Oct (5).

U.S. Range.—Western U.S., east to the Dakotas, Iowa, and Kansas.

Utah range.—Map 93. Widespread throughout Utah at low to midelevations; missing from St. George area.

Ecoregions.—Central Basin and Range, Colorado Plateau, Northern Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, Wyoming Basin.

Drainages.—American Fork Creek, Ashley Creek (Uintah), Bear Lake watershed, Bear River, Beaver Creek (Summit), Beaver River, Big Cottonwood Creek (Salt Lake), Burraston Ponds (Juab), Calf Creek (Garfield), Castle Creek (Grand), Chalk Creek (Summit), Cherry Creek (Juab), Clover Creek (Tooele), Cotton Creek (Box Elder), Cottonwood Creek (Emery), Currant Creek (Juab), Currant Creek (Wasatch), Deep Creek (Wasatch), Deer Creek (Garfield), Desert Lake WMA (Emery), Diamond Fork Creek (Utah), Duchesne River, East Fork Sevier River (Garfield), East Fork Virgin River (Kane), Echo Creek (Summit), Escalante River, Fifth Water Creek (Utah), Fish Creek (San Juan), Fremont River, Great Basin watershed, Great Salt Lake wetlands, Green River, Henrieville Creek (Garfield), Hobble Creek (Utah), Huntington Creek (Emery), Indian Creek (San Juan), Jones Hole Creek (Uintah), Jordan River, Kanarraville Creek (Iron), Lake Fork River (Duchesne), Little Bear River (Cache), Little Pine Creek (Washington), Logan River, Long Creek (Box Elder), Lost Creek (Morgan), Magotsu Creek (Washington), Malad River, Mammoth Creek (Garfield), Montez Creek (Uintah), Nine Mile Creek (Carbon), North Creek (Beaver), Ogden River, Otter Creek, Parowan Creek, Price River, Provo River, Raft River, Red Creek (Duchesne), Rock Creek (Duchesne), Round Valley Creek (Millard), San Pitch River (Sanpete), Santa Clara River, Sevier River, Silver Creek (Summit), Smith and Morehouse Creek (Summit), Soldier Creek (Carbon), Uinta River, Utah Lake watershed, Wallsburg Creek (Wasatch), Weber River, West Fork Duchesne River (Duchesne), Willow Creek (Daggett), Willow Creek (Uintah).

Habitat.—Springs, ponds, lakes, slow streams with vegetation, stream backwaters and oxbows.

Comments.—Ischnura perparva is the most common and widespread forktail in Utah. However, it is absent from the lowest-elevation areas near St. George and the higher mountain elevations throughout the state. Females, with their gray-blue pruinescence, are more easily observed than the slender males which blend in with the low-vegetation sedges and spike rushes where they spend much of their time.

Rank.—G5, N5, S5; recommended S5.

County records.—(2 of 29) Kane, Washington.

Elevation range.—785–1780 m (2575–5840 ft).

Flight season.—15 Jun–16 Oct.

U.S. range.—Desert southwest, from Texas and Oklahoma west to California.

Utah range.—Map 94. Southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau, Mojave Basin and Range, Wasatch and Uinta Mountains.

Drainages.—Beaver Dam Wash, Boiler Springs, Green Springs, Kanab Creek, Quail Creek, Santa Clara River, Virgin River.

Habitat.—Springs, ponds, algae mats, slow desert streams.

Comments.—This bright fiery red-orange damselfly stays low in vegetation or perches on algae mats at ponds and springs. Provonsha (1975) was aware of only 3 records of Telebasis salva from Utah, all from one location in St. George. Because this particular location was disturbed during the building of a golf course, he speculated that the species may no longer be present in Utah. Since that time, 7 locations have been documented, including one from the Colorado Plateau ecoregion in Kane County. Most of these new locations were from unidentified specimens found in the BYUC. Four of the 7 are within urban areas that are subject to changes in the quality of their habitat. One specimen was taken in 2006, south of Leeds Canyon, high enough in elevation (4400 ft) to be within the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains ecoregion. The most recent record (2012) is from Green Springs, which is located on the Green Springs Golf Course in Washington City.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended S2.

County records.—(1 of 29). Possibly Wayne or Garfield.

U.S. range.—Oregon, south to southern California.

Utah range.—Possibly south central Utah (Capital Reef NP).

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau.

Habitat.—Ephemeral pools.

Comments.—Anderson, et al. (1999) listed nymphs of Aeshna walkeri as being collected from tinajas (ephemeral pools) in Capital Reef National Park. The exact location is not given. The nymph specimens are housed in the Cornell University collection (Peckarsky personal communication). The known range for Aeshna walkeri is from extreme southern Washington to southern California. Further verification is needed before A. walkeri is added to the Utah species list.

Rank.—G4, N4, SNR; recommended SU.

County records.—(1 of 29). Possibly Wayne or Garfield.

U.S. range.—Eastern U.S. from Maine to Florida, west to Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, and east Texas.

Utah range.—Possibly south central Utah (Capital Reef NP).

Ecoregions.—Colorado Plateau.

Habitat.—Ephemeral pools.

Comments.—Anderson et al. (1999) listed nymphs of Anax epiashna (Epiaeschna heros?) as being collected from tinajas (ephemeral pools) in Capital Reef National Park. The exact location is not given. The nymph specimens are housed in the Cornell University collection (Peckarsky personal communication). The known range for E. heros is the eastern U.S. extending west to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Further verification is needed before E. heros is added to the Utah species list.

Rank.—G5, N4, SNR; recommended SU.

County records.—(1 of 29) Washington (Larsen 1952).

Elevation range.—792 m (2600 ft).

Flight season.—No data.

U.S. range.—Southwestern Oregon to central California; one record in western Nevada.

Utah range.—One record listed by Larsen (1952) from St. George in southwestern Utah.

Ecoregions.—Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Virgin River.

Habitat.—“Swift rocky streams bordered by willows, mostly in forested habitats, from lowlands to well up in mountains.” (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—There is only one reference to Ophiogomphus bison (Larsen 1952) in Utah (St. George, Washington County). This specimen was not found during a search of the UUIC, and its location is unknown. Because of the inability to verify the identity of the specimen along with the location being far from its known range, Ophiogomphus bison has been removed from the state list until further information can confirm it for Utah.

Rank.—G4, N4, SNR; recommended SU.

County records.—Location unknown.

U.S. range.—Northeastern U.S. south to West Virginia, west to Minnesota; Washington south to northern California, east to northern Idaho and western Montana.

Utah range.—Unknown.

Habitat.—“Wooded and open lakes and ponds, especially associated with acid waters of bog lakes” (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—Musser (1962) reported a single adult specimen collected from the state recorded in Kormondy (1960) and located in the UMMZ labeled “Utah:#58, E. M. Legard, 1″; no locality is given. No other records exist for this species in Utah. The nearest known populations are in northern Idaho. This species does not appear to be a current resident of the state. Due to the lack of a specific collection location within the state, this spe cies has been removed from the Utah list until further study verifies its existence in Utah.

Rank.—G5, N5, SNR; recommended SU.

County records.—(1 of 29) Washington.

Elevation range.—800 m (2625 ft).

Flight season.—Unknown.

U.S. range.—Southeastern U.S. north to Massachusetts, west to east Texas and Oklahoma; a few scattered records from Ohio, Iowa, and Nebraska.

Utah range.—Washington County.

Ecoregions.—Mojave Basin and Range.

Drainages.—Virgin River.

Habitat.—“Open ponds and lakes with much shore vegetation, also shallow ponds with tall grasses scattered throughout.” (Paulson 2009)

Comments.—Larsen (1952) listed this species from Washington County. However, according to Robert Larsen (son of W.P. Larsen 1952), the plates in Larsen (1952) illustrating the wings of Libellula auripennis and Paltothemis lineatipes were accidentally switched. Robert Larsen also provided the collection location for the “Libellula auripennis” specimen as the old Virgin River bridge, Washington Fields, Washington County, Utah. Since the nearest known populations of this species are in east Texas, it is doubtful that L. auripennis is a resident species in Utah. At best, it is a onetime anomaly. No other records are known from Utah. This species has been removed from the Utah list.

Rank.—G5, N5, SNR; recommended SU.

County records.—None verified from Utah.

U.S. range.—Northeastern U.S. south to North Carolina and Tennessee, west to eastern Wyoming and Colorado. Currently, there are no verified populations in Utah.

Comments.—Needham and Christenson (1927) reported Sympetrum rubicundulum from Cache County. This early record may have been Sympetrum internum, a common species in Cache Valley where students from Utah State University have collected for many years without finding any specimens of S. rubicundulum. One specimen from Piute County housed in the Utah State University collection was originally identified as S. rubicundulum. After study by the authors, this specimen's identity was changed to S. internum. There are no valid S. rubicundulum records from Utah.

Rank.—G5, N5, SH; recommended SU.

County records.—(1 of 29) Sanpete? U.S. range.—Eastern U.S.

Habitat.—Small slow-flowing, canopy-covered streams (Abbott 2005).

Comments.—There are several specimens of Calopteryx maculata located in the UUIC. These specimens were originally labeled with only color codes on pins which matched color codes written in a notebook with date and location information. This notebook covered years of collecting, and many colors were used more than once. It is our opinion that these specimens are mislabeled. The location given is Island Lake, Sanpete County, a high mountain lake over 3050 m (10,000 ft) in elevation— not typical habitat for this species of damselfly. The nearest populations are in Kansas and Nebraska.

Rank.—G5, N5, SNR; recommended SU.

County records.—(1 of 29) Washington.

U.S. range.—Central Oregon south through California, southern Nevada, and Arizona.

Habitat.—“Shallow sandy and rocky streams in open with moderate current and beds of vegetation such as watercress” (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—C.J.D. Brown listed Argia agrioides as a new Utah record in his 1934 publication of Utah Odonata. The collection location for this record is St. George, Washington County, Utah, on 5 June, by Tom Spalding. Brown indicated that the male record is located in the UMMZ. Ahrens (1938) reported collecting this species on 14 Aug 1936 at Washington, Utah. He corresponded with C.J.D. Brown in Utah for help with identifying Utah specimens. It is important to note that the very similar Argia nahuana, which is common in Washington County, was not listed by Brown in his 1934 publication. These 2 older records have not been located for verification, and it is possible that they were specimens of A. nahuana. Provonsha (1975) did not include A. agrioides in his survey of the Zygoptera of Utah for reasons unknown. One specimen in the BYUC from Salt Lake County was misidentified as A. agrioides; and upon further examination, the identification was changed to Argia alberta. No other records of this species have been reported from Utah. Since documented records for A. agrioides have been found in nearby Clark County, Nevada, all specimens of the very similar A. nahuana collected in Utah should be examined with care and considered as possible A. agrioides specimens. However, at present there is not enough information to include A. agrioides on the Utah species list.

County records.—Unknown, possibly Washington County.

Elevation range.—Unknown.

Flight season.—Unknown. U.S. range.—East of the Rocky Mountains, mid- to southern Arizona.

Utah range.—Extreme southwestern Utah?

Ecoregions.—Mojave Basin and Range?

Drainages.—Virgin River?

Habitat.—“Wide habitat choice, from small streams and ditches with much vegetation to open sandy lake shores” (Paulson 2009).

Comments.—Provonsha (1975) recorded one specimen of Argia fumipennis from the UMMZ labeled “Utah E. M. Legard #55.” Although no location data was given, Provonsha speculated that it was likely collected in the lower Sonoran region of Washington County. Recently, Mark O'Brien, University of Michigan collections manager, was unable to locate this specimen in the UMMZ for confirmation of its identification. No other records are known from Utah. Until further records with complete location data are obtained, this species has been removed from the Utah species list. Researchers should continue to look for A. fumipennis in southwestern Utah as Provonsha suggests, since there are records to the south in Arizona.

Rank.—G5, N5, SNR; recommended SU.

Comments.—Robert Larsen (Roswell, NM) initially reported collecting Argia munda from Heritage Park, Parowan, Iron County, Utah, in July 2003. The specimens were sent to Rosser Garrison for confirmation and were identified as Argia vivida (Robert Larsen personal communication). There are no known records of this species from Utah.

Comments.—Robert Larsen also initially reported collecting Argia plana from Quail Creek, south of Leeds, Washington County, Utah, in July of 2003. These specimens were also sent to Rosser Garrison and identified as Argia vivida (Robert Larsen personal communication). There are no known records of this species from Utah.