Adult females of Ischnura fluviatilis can be distinguished structurally from I. ramburii by the presence of small pits on the middle lobe of the prothorax (absent in I. ramburii) and the hind margin of the prothoracic hind lobe curved and directed posteriorly (straight, directed posterodorsally in I. ramburii). Color pattern differences between immature females of both species are discussed; color differences between mature females are considered equivocal.