Casearia espiritosantensis R. Marquete & Mansano, a new species of Salicaceae from Espírito Santo, Brazil, is described and illustrated here. This species is similar to the widespread C. decandra Jacq. in having fasciculate inflorescences, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate leaves, and 10 stamens. The new species differs by being a shrub and having smaller stipules, anthers with apical glands, hirsute ovaries, and clavate stigmas. Other diagnostic aspects of C. espiritosantensis are the sparsely serrate leaf margins and the stipules with glands at the base of the adaxial surface.