The new species Aspidistra pingtangensis S. Z. He, W. F. Xu & Q. W. Sun (Ruscaceae) is described and illustrated from Pingtang County, Guizhou Province, China. The new species is characterized by an urceolate, milk-white perianth with five or six blunt keels externally, stamen filaments that are ca. 1.2 mm long with the stamens inserted in the top third of the perianth tube, and stigmas that are ca. 4 mm diam. This contrasts with the related species A. fenghuangensis K. Y. Lang and A. urceolata F. T. Wang & K. Y. Lang. The former is characterized by an urceolate, pale yellow perianth, stamen filaments that are ca. 0.5 mm with the stamens inserted at the middle of perianth tube, and stigmas that are ca. 6 mm diam.; the latter is characterized by an urceolate, pale violet-red perianth with many purple speckles, stamen filaments that are ca. 0.2 mm with the stamens inserted at the base of the perianth tube, and stigmas that are ca. 1.5 mm diam. The new species can be classified into Aspidistra Ker Gawl. sect. Aspidistra ser. Fimbriatae G. Z. Li.