Preparing the Malpighiaceae treatment for an upcoming volume of the Flora Mesoamericana has revealed a number of new species, new combinations, and typifications of taxa from different genera of Neotropical Malpighiaceae requiring publication. Nine new species are proposed in this paper from the Mesoamerica flora area: three Bunchosia Kunth (B. bifurcata A. Pool, B. chiapensis A. Pool, and B. heterotricha A. Pool), one Carolus W. R. Anderson (C. yucatanensis A. Pool), one Glicophyllum R. F. Almeida (G. mortonianum A. Pool), two Malpighia L. (M. inclinata A. Pool and M. verrucifolia A. Pool), one Psychopterys W. R. Anderson & S. Corso (P. nicaraguensis A. Pool), and one Tetrapterys Cav. (T. argyrophylla A. Pool). A lectotype and epitype are selected for Malpighia polystachia Andrews [≡ Bunchosia polystachia (Andrews) DC.], lectotypes for Heteropterys beecheyana A. Juss. var. beecheyana f. glabriuscula Nied. [= Heteropterys brachiata (L.) DC.] and Tritomopterys albida (Schltdl. & Cham.) Nied. var. subtomentosa Nied. [≡ Gaudichaudia albida Schltdl. & Cham. var. subtomentosa (Nied.) Nied.], and a neotype for Gaudichaudia chamorrii Ram. Goyena [= G. albida var. albida]. Three generic transfers are proposed: Bunchosia squarrosa Griseb. [≡ Tetrapterys squarrosa (Griseb.) Griseb.] to Glicophyllum as G. squarrosum (Griseb.) A. Pool, Banisteria sanguinea Rusby to Heteropterys Kunth as H. sanguinea (Rusby) A. Pool, and Mascagnia macrobracteata Lundell to Tetrapterys, as T. macrobracteata (Lundell) A. Pool. Finally, one combination is made to elevate Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) A. Juss. var. brevibracteolata Cuatrec. & Croat to the rank of species as H. brevibracteolata (Cuatrec. & Croat) A. Pool.