The current taxonomic status of three species of Aphomia Hübner and one species of Paralipsa Butler that occur in the United States and Canada is clarified and keys to their identification are provided. A lectotype is designated for Paralipsa decorella Hulst, which is transferred to Aphomia (n. comb.) and treated as a junior synonym of A. terrenella Zeller (n. syn.). Preliminary morphological research indicates that Aphomia fuscolimbella Ragonot does not belong in Aphomia as currently defined. Its placement is unknown. Because no specimens other than the type of A. fuscolimbella are known from the Western Hemisphere, the presumed North American origin of this species is considered unlikely. A brief discussion of biological associations is included.