On the Ground
The major range and forage types on the islands of Hawaii are principally naturalized plant communities with a steady-state disclimax, though there are more seldom-occurring naturalized and even less-often–occurring native historic types present.
In this article, I describe the characteristics of the six major range types using traditional Clements–Dyksterhuis range models for simplicity. My goal is to assist conservationists or professional agriculturists in making decisions on ranches and public lands of Hawaii.