We describe and illustrate the external morphology, oral disc, and oral cavity anatomy (OCA) of the larvae of Bokermannohyla flavopicta and the OCA of the tadpole of B. oxente. We collected tadpoles of B. flavopicta at Serra do Barbado, Abaíra municipality, Chapada Diamantina, Bahia state. At Gosner stage 36, the tadpole of B. flavopicta has a depressed body with low tail fins and a broad, ventral oral disc bordered by a single row of marginal papillae, with a narrow gap on the anterior labium; submarginal papillae present in small amounts mostly on the commissure and on the anterior labium of the oral disc. The most common labial tooth row formula is 2(2)/7(1). The overall OCA of both species is similar, but can be distinguished mainly by the number of buccal roof papillae per side, shape of pre-narial arena ridge, and infralabial and lingual papillae morphology. The internal and external morphology of these larvae are compared with available descriptions for larvae of other species placed in the B. pseudopseudis group, and we comment on characters that best distinguish species within this group. Finally, the anteroposterior row of papillae in the prenarial arena (proposed as putative synapomorphy for the B. pseudopseudis species group) was also observed in B. flavopicta and B. oxente tadpoles, reinforcing the importance of larval external and internal characters in anuran comparative morphology research.