Scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) is caused by the causative agent, Orientia tsutsugamushi, and it is a widespread zoonosis and vector-borne disease. Chigger mites (trombiculid mites) are the exclusive vectors of this disease. To date, more than 500 species of chigger mites have been documented in China, and six of them have been proved to be the main effective vector species of scrub typhus: Leptotrombidium deliense, L. scutellare, L. rubellum, L. sialkotense, L. wenense and L. insulare. The present paper reviewed the research history and progress of the six vector chigger species in China, which covered their history of nomenclature, vector roles, morphological identification, life cycle, distribution, host selection and seasonal fluctuation, etc.