Langsdorffia heterotepala (Balanophoraceae) is described and illustrated. It is the second Neotropical species recognized within the genus. The species can be distinguished by the following primary features: a concave male inflorescence, ovate-elliptic dorsal tepal and oblong lateral tepals in male flowers, Y-shaped connective, and style length < 0.4 mm. Thus far, the new species is known only from the cloud forests of the Itatiaia National Park in southeastern Brazil, a region well known for its high species richness and endemism. A key to the four known species of Langsdorffia is provided.