Four species of Eugenia are newly proposed for Madagascar. Eugenia ardyceae and Eugenia louisae occur in the southeast region near Tolagnaro; Eugenia nosibensis is restricted to Nosy Be off of the northern coast; and E. lacerosepala occurs in the northeast. Eugeina ardyceae and E. nosibensis each are known from several gatherings, E. louisae is known from two collections, and E. lacerosepala is known only from the type collection. Eugenia nosibensis is relatively common in the Lokobe Réserve Intégrale, and its fruits are eaten by black lemurs (Eulemur macaco). The recommended conservation status for the species based on the IUCN criteria is Endangered for Eugenia lacerosepala and E. louisae, and Vulnerable for E. ardyceae and E. nosibensis. The importance of noting and reporting the local relative abundance of species when they are collected is discussed, particularly in remote, biodiversity-rich areas that are rarely visited. Such information helps later workers formulate conservation recommendations and aids in the prioritizing of later field trips that target rare taxa for further study.