This work presents the new taxon Ficus series Dugandii characterized by the syconium ostiolar margin with wall curved to the outer side of the syconium, forming a short apical tube, irregularly rounded to triangular. For this study, field trips were carried out and collections of herbarium specimens, types, and protologues were analyzed. The series has 15 species with 50 synonyms proposed here, distributed from Mexico and the Antilles to southeastern Brazil. Names like F. llanensis, F. llewelynii, and F. mitrophora, previously synonymous, are considered correct species names. Lectotypes have been designated for F. acarouaniensis, F. clethrifolia, F. glycicarpa, F. holosericea, F. velutina, Urostigma euomphalum, and U. maximilianum; a neotype for F. frigida; and epitypes for F. holosericea and F. trigonata.