Worldwide, seven extant Orphilus Erichson, 1846 species have been described, four of which occur in Europe: Orphilus aegeanus Holloway and Herrmann, 2023, Orphilus africanus Háva, 2005, Orphilus beali Zhantiev, 2001, and Orphilus niger (Rossi, 1790). For the current study, 148 individuals collected from Europe (and into Turkey and Israel) were dissected to enable identification down to the species level. For the four European species, male genitalia and female ovipositor structures are illustrated. Additional ways of differentiating among the species are considered. Data on collection sites are collated for the dissected study specimens and others definitively identified from collections. Updated distribution maps for all four species are presented.