Infection experiments were performed incubating Paramecium caudatum with non-infectious free-living bacteria or weakly infectious intracellular bacteria together with the infectious Holospora obtusa. Two of four non-infectious free-living bacteria (Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were found to get into the nuclei when added to Paramecium together with H. obtusa. The endonuclear bacterium Nonospora macronucleata that is weakly infectious by itself increases its infectivity when presented together with the infectious holosporas. The results provide evidence that H. obtusa may facilitate entry of other, non-infectious bacteria into the nuclei of Paramecium.
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1 July 2004
Co-infection of the Macronucleus of Paramecium caudatum by Free-Living Bacteria Together with the Infectious Holospora obtusa
SERGEI O. FOKIN,
ILYA N. SKOVORODKIN,
MICHAEL SCHWEIKERT,
HANS-D. GÖRTZ
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The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
Vol. 51 • No. 4
July 2004
Vol. 51 • No. 4
July 2004
Ciliates
endocytobionts
endonuclear bacteria
infectivity
Intracellular bacteria
symbiosis