Couepia is a monophyletic and exclusively Neotropical genus of Chrysobalanaceae, occurring mainly in lowland tropical forests. In eastern Brazil, Bahia is the state with the highest species richness for both the genus and family, with significant diversity in the coastal Atlantic Forest. Here we report the discovery of Couepia oxossii from Atlantic Forest, which was initially misidentified as Couepia pernambucensis. The new species is described and illustrated, and comments on its morphological traits and conservation status are also provided.