Taeniotes farinosus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a species that has been confused with other species during the past two centuries. In this work we demonstrate that Taeniotes farinosus sensu auctorum is not the species described by Linnaeus and designate a lectotype to establish its identity. Taeniotes pulverulentus (Olivier, 1790), currently synonymous with T. farinosus, is revalidated. Taeniotes guttullaris Schwarzer, 1929 and T. parafarinosus Breuning, 1971 are junior synonyms of T. pulverulentus; Lamia subocellata Olivier, 1792 ( =  Taeniotes subocellatus) is a junior synonym of Cerambyx farinosus ( =  T. farinosus). Additionally we provide annotated bibliographic references to T. farinosus and T. pulverulentus. Taeniotes monnei, a new species from Brazil and Argentina, is described and figured. Taeniotes peruanus Breuning 1971 is figured for the first time.