Commensal Foraging Between Double-crested Cormorants and a Southern Stingray

Stephen M. Kajiura; Laura J. Macesic; Tricia L. Meredith; Kelly L. Cocks; Lynda J. Dirk

doi:10.1676/08-122.1

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Stephen M. Kajiura,^1,* Laura J. Macesic,¹ Tricia L. Meredith,¹ Kelly L. Cocks,¹ Lynda J. Dirk²

¹1Florida Atlantic University, Biological Sciences, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
²2South Florida Water Management District, Kissimmee Division, 3301 Gun Club Road MSC 4460, West Palm

^*Corresponding author; e-mail: kajiura@fau.edu

Abstract

We describe a commensal relationship between Double-crested Cormorant, (Phalacrocorax auritus) and a southern stingray (Dasyatis americana). Three cormorants were observed closely following a large southern stingray in a shallow turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) bed near Long Key, Florida and feeding upon a small fish disturbed by the stingray's benthic foraging. This represents an example of a commensal relationship in which one participant benefits while the other is unaffected.

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Stephen M. Kajiura, Laura J. Macesic, Tricia L. Meredith, Kelly L. Cocks, and Lynda J. Dirk "Commensal Foraging Between Double-crested Cormorants and a Southern Stingray," The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 121(3), 646-648, (1 September 2009). https://doi.org/10.1676/08-122.1

Received: 20 September 2008; Accepted: 1 January 2009; Published: 1 September 2009

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