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6 January 2023 Do Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica gutturalis) prefer to breed in inhabited houses in South Korea?
Dami Jeong, Yucheol Shin, Bonghee Lim, Hortense Serret, Yikweon Jang
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Abstract

Nest site selection is critical for reproductive success in birds. Several bird species including Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica gutturalis) typically nest near human settlements, presumably because this reduces their risk of predation. Here, we investigated the nesting habits of Barn Swallows in South Korea. We predicted that abandoned houses would not be chosen even if these houses provided similar nesting conditions compared to occupied houses. We conducted surveys across South Korea and recorded human occupancy, house structure, the number of active and old nests, and the deterioration condition of houses. Among the recorded active nests, 95% were located in inhabited houses (n = 38), whereas only 5% were observed in abandoned houses (n = 2). Interestingly, human presence was a significant factor in the occurrence of active nests, whereas house structure had no appreciable effect. Among the nest site characteristics, the number of old nests was significantly higher in inhabited houses than in abandoned houses. Further, ∼97% of inhabited houses were not damaged, whereas 50% of the abandoned houses were damaged, potentially affecting the nesting site selection of Barn Swallows. Our results are consistent with our hypothesis that Barn Swallows prefer to nest in human-inhabited houses. As house structures suitable for nesting are reduced due to rapid urbanization, and as swallow nests are actively eliminated by human residents, the reproductive success of Barn Swallows in South Korea can be significantly reduced.

La selección de sitio de anidación es crítica para el éxito reproductivo de las aves. Varias especies de aves, incluyendo golondrinas Hirundo rustica gutturalis, anidan cerca de asentamientos humanos, posiblemente porque esto reduce su riesgo de depredación. Aquí estudiamos los hábitos de anidamiento de golondrinas Hirundo rustica gutturalis en Corea del Sur. Predecimos que las casas abandonadas no van a ser elegidas, aun cuando esas casas ofrecen condiciones de anidamiento similares a las casas habitadas. Hicimos búsquedas en Corea del Sur y registramos ocupación humana, estructura de la casa, número de nidos activos y la condición de deterioro de la casa. De los nidos activos registrados, 95% se encontraban en casas habitadas (n = 38) mientras que solo el 5% se observaron en casas abandonadas (n = 2). Interesantemente, la presencia humana era un factor significativo en la presencia de nidos activos, mientras que la estructura de la casa no tenía efecto importante. De las características del sitio de anidación, el número de nidos viejos era significativamente superior en casas habitadas que en casas abandonadas. Además, 97% de las casas habitadas no presentaban daños, mientras que el 50% de las casas abandonadas estaban dañadas, afectando potencialmente la selección de sitio de anidación de las golondrinas Hirundo rustica gutturalis. Nuestros resultados concuerdan con nuestra hipótesis de que las golondrinas Hirundo rustica gutturalis prefieren anidar en casas habitadas. Por la reducción de las casas con estructuras aptas para la anidación de golondrinas por la urbanización rápida y por la eliminación activa de nidos de golondrina por los residentes humanos, el éxito reproductivo de las golondrinas Hirundo rustica gutturalis en Corea del Sur podría reducirse significativamente.

Palabras clave: casa abandonada, conservación, ecología de anidación, habitación humana, Hirundinidae, noreste asiático.

Dami Jeong, Yucheol Shin, Bonghee Lim, Hortense Serret, and Yikweon Jang "Do Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica gutturalis) prefer to breed in inhabited houses in South Korea?," The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 134(4), 633-641, (6 January 2023). https://doi.org/10.1676/21-00093
Received: 12 September 2021; Accepted: 26 September 2022; Published: 6 January 2023
KEYWORDS
abandoned house
conservation
Hirundinidae
human habitation
nesting ecology
northeast Asia
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