A rich material which consists of the unidentified specimens preserved in the Natural History Museum London; Naturhistorisches Museum Wien and the specimens collected from Turkey by the author, is studied. Eighty-eight species and subspecies are listed. Iranusa uvarovi sp.n., Platycleis (Montana) kure sp.n., Hermoniana brozai sp.n., Parapholidoptera belen sp.n. and unknown male of Pezodrymadusa affinis (I. Bolivar, 1899) are described. Platycleis (Squamiana) ankarensis Karabag, 1950 and Platycleis (Squamiana) irritans Ramme, 1951 are given in new combination. Squamina erzuruma Demirsoy, 1975 is synonymized. The species Phytodrymadusa longipes (Brunner, 1882), Platycleis (Squamiana) irritans Ramme, 1951, Pachytrachis gracilis (Brunner, 1861) from Turkey, Eupholidoptera cypria turcica Salman, 1983, Anadrymadusa (s.str) danensis Karabag, 1972 from Syria and Pholidoptera brevipes Ramme, 1939 from Asia are recorded for the first time. The genera and subgenera Rammeola Uvarov, 1934, Montana Zeuner, 1941, Squamiana Zeuner, 1941, Sureyaella Uvarov, 1934, Koroglus Ünal, 2002, Bolua Ünal, 1999 and many species are discussed and compared with their close allies. Identification keys for the known species of the genera Iranusa Uvarov, 1942, Hermoniana Broza et al., 2004, Apholidoptera Maran, 1953 and two subgenera of Platycleis (s.l.), Squamiana Zeuner, 1941 and for the Turkish species of Montana Zeuner, 1941 are prepared. In addition 99 original figures are added.