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30 July 2021 Differences in Selectivity between Bermudagrass and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) to Low-Rate Topramezone and Metribuzin Combinations
John R. Brewer, Whitnee L. B. Askew, Shawn D. Askew
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Abstract

Goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] remains problematic for bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf managers due to the ineffective, selective control of mature plants with available postemergence herbicides and lack of sufficient residual activity from those herbicides to control seedling plants. Topramezone controls mature E. indica, but past efforts to suppress potential injury to bermudagrass turf have been inconsistent. We hypothesized that metribuzin at 210 g ai ha–1 in admixture with topramezone would improve bermudagrass tolerance while conserving mature E. indica control. In preliminary field studies, metribuzin mixed with topramezone at 1.2 or 2.5 g ae ha–1 applied twice at a 3-wk interval reduced bermudagrass injury and white discoloration compared with topramezone applied alone, but metribuzin did not safen bermudagrass to mesotrione. Topramezone at 3.7 g ha–1 plus 210 g ha–1 metribuzin applied twice at a 3-wk interval offered improved bermudagrass tolerance while it still controlled mature E. indica during 15 field and 2 greenhouse studies in Virginia. This program offered a 10-fold decrease in suprathreshold duration of white discoloration compared with topramezone alone at 6.1 g ha–1. Bermudagrass absorbed three times less radioactivity than E. indica at timings up to 48 h after treatment with [14C]topramezone. Bermudagrass also metabolized twice as much topramezone compared with E. indica at 48 h after treatment. Metribuzin reduced 14C absorption by approximately 25% in both species. These studies confirm the performance of a novel, low-dose topramezone plus metribuzin program for mature E. indica control in bermudagrass turf and suggest that selectivity between bermudagrass and E. indica to topramezone is due to differential absorption and metabolism. The fact that metribuzin reduces topramezone absorption in both species suggests that it may help reduce bermudagrass phytotoxic response to topramezone, but its role in altering selectivity between bermudagrass and E. indica may be due to other factors.

© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America.
John R. Brewer, Whitnee L. B. Askew, and Shawn D. Askew "Differences in Selectivity between Bermudagrass and Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) to Low-Rate Topramezone and Metribuzin Combinations," Weed Science 70(1), 55-63, (30 July 2021). https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2021.52
Received: 6 March 2021; Accepted: 25 July 2021; Published: 30 July 2021
KEYWORDS
Days over injury threshold
digital image analysis
topramezone absorption
translocation and metabolism
turf dark-green color index
turfgrass
white discoloration
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