Amicarbazone has potential for selective annual bluegrass control in cool-season turfgrasses, but seasonal application timings may influence efficacy. To test this hypothesis, field experiments in New Jersey and Indiana investigated amicarbazone efficacy from fall or spring applications and growth chamber experiments investigated the influence of temperature on efficacy. Fall treatments were more injurious to creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass than spring applications, but fall applications were also more efficacious for annual bluegrass control. In growth chamber experiments, injury and clipping weight reductions were exacerbated by increased temperatures from 10 to 30 C on annual bluegrass, creeping bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass. Results suggest that amicarbazone use for annual bluegrass control in cool-season turf may be limited to spring applications, but increased temperature enhances activity on all grasses.

Nomenclature: Amicarbazone; annual bluegrass, Poa annua L.; creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera L. ‘L-93’; Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L. ‘Baron’, ‘Fairfax’, ‘Freedom’, ‘Merit’, ‘Midnight’, ‘SR2100’; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ‘Manhattan IV’.