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6 May 2024 Control of multiple-herbicide-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) with acetochlor-based herbicide mixtures in corn
Hannah E. Symington, Nader Soltani, Allan C. Kaastra, David C. Hooker, Darren E. Robinson, Peter H. Sikkema
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Abstract

Waterhemp is a summer annual, broadleaf weed with high fecundity, short seed longevity in the soil, and wide genetic diversity. Populations have evolved resistance to five herbicide modes of action (Groups 2, 5, 9, 14, and 27), which are present across southern Ontario; this has increased the challenge of controlling this competitive weed species in corn, the most important grain crop produced worldwide and the highest-value agronomic crop in Ontario. Acetochlor is a Group 15 soil-applied residual herbicide that has activity on many grass and broadleaf weeds but has yet to be registered in Canada. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether mixtures of acetochlor with flumetsulam, dicamba, atrazine, isoxaflutole/diflufenican, or mesotrione + atrazine applied preemergence would increase the control of multiple-herbicide-resistant (MHR) waterhemp in corn. Five field trials were conducted between 2022 and 2023. No corn injury was observed. Acetochlor applied alone controlled MHR waterhemp 97% 12 wk after application (WAA). All herbicide mixtures controlled MHR waterhemp similarly at ≥98% 12 WAA; there were no differences among herbicide mixtures. Flumetsulam, dicamba, and atrazine provided lower MHR waterhemp control than all other herbicide treatments and did not reduce density or biomass. Acetochlor reduced waterhemp density 98%, while the acetochlor mixtures reduced density similarly at 99% to 100%. This study concludes that the acetochlor mixtures evaluated provide excellent waterhemp control; however, control was not greater than acetochlor alone. Herbicide mixtures should be used as a best management practice to mitigate the evolution of herbicide resistance.

Nomenclature: Acetochlor; flumetsulam; dicamba; atrazine; isoxaflutole/diflufenican; mesotrione; waterhemp, Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer; corn, Zea mays L.

Hannah E. Symington, Nader Soltani, Allan C. Kaastra, David C. Hooker, Darren E. Robinson, and Peter H. Sikkema "Control of multiple-herbicide-resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) with acetochlor-based herbicide mixtures in corn," Weed Technology 38(1), 1-7, (6 May 2024). https://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2024.16
Received: 8 December 2023; Accepted: 7 March 2024; Published: 6 May 2024
KEYWORDS
Corn injury
residual herbicides
waterhemp biomass
Waterhemp control
waterhemp density
waterhemp emergence
yield
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