Species composition in floodplain vegetation is often related to initial floristics, succession, and disturbances such as flooding and herbivory. However, on a braided, cobble-bedded river with contrasting sediment facies, much of the composition of understory vegetation within a cottonwood forest was related to edaphic factors controlled by stream-deposit stratigraphy. Large shifts in understory species composition were more related to soil texture and water availability than deposit age or hydroperiod. Finer-textured and thicker overbank deposits had greater water availability and supported mesic species, while sites with coarse sediments to the surface supported only xeric species. A strong gradient of site moisture corresponded to a gradient in species composition. Soil water potential (Ψs) indicated by pre-dawn xylem water potential (XWPPD) in a shallow-rooted grass reached −4.2 MPa on xeric-species sites in mid-summer; on mesic-species sites, XWPPD was always greater than −1.5 MPa for the same grass species. Deep-rooted plants had a narrower range of XWPPD across all sites, and XWPPD was typically between 0.0 and −1.0 MPa. Ψs derived from actual soil water content followed the same pattern indicated by species composition, soil texture, and XWPPD.
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1 June 2005
COTTONWOOD UNDERSTORY ZONATION AND ITS RELATION TO FLOODPLAIN STRATIGRAPHY
Michael F. Merigliano
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Wetlands
Vol. 25 • No. 2
June 2005
Vol. 25 • No. 2
June 2005
floodplain stratigraphy
gradient analysis
narrowleaf cottonwood
understory species composition
water availability