The mating behaviour of Chinese grouse Bonasa sewerzowi at the Lianhuashan Natural Reserve in Southern Gansu Province was studied in 1995. Eleven birds were radio-marked during the breeding season. Pair formation began in late March. Males held territories of 1.8–3.2 ha (N = 3). The ‘flutter-jump’ behaviour was believed to be used by males for advertising territories and attracting females. It also could serve as a warning signal. Males competed for females in April and May, but not all males paired with females. Female-female aggression was not observed. The mating system of Chinese grouse was primarily monogamous, however, the possibility of polyandry or extra-pair copulations remains. In addition, female choice was believed to be the main factor affecting pair formation.