Data are given on the taxonomy and nomenclature of 115 Rhenish Rubus taxa, originally described and published between 1878 and 1935. The identity of many of the 86 taxa described by Braeucker, however, remains obscure since his herbarium was destroyed in Berlin during World War II. Doublette material in other herbaria made the clarification of 16 of Braeucker's names possible, eight of which are lectotypified here. 20 of the 29 names of Rhenish Rubus taxa published by Ade, Braun, Kükenthal and Schumacher are clarified, 14 are lectotypified. A detailed description and illustration of Rubus erythrocomos, a little known regional species from North Rhine-Westphalia and the Rhineland-Palatinate described by G. Braun, are provided for the first time.

The names Cerastium eriophorum, C. villosum, C. lanatum, C. alpinum subsp. babiogorense and C. transsylvanicum are typified. C. eriophorum (= C. villosum) is the correct name for the diploid populations of the C. alpinum group from the Balkan mountains, Carpathians and Eastern Alps. C. lanatum is only applicable to densely hairy forms of the tetraploid C. alpinum s. str., and C. alpinum subsp. babiogorense is synonymous to this latter name. C. transsylvanicum is the correct name for the hexaploid taxon of the C. alpinum group, endemic to the Carpathians.

Bromus cabrerensis and B. nervosus (B. subg. Bromus) from the Iberian Peninsula are described as species new to science and illustrated. The tetraploid B. cabrerensis (2n = 28) is closely related to the B. hordeaceus complex, whereas B. nervosus holds a rather isolated position.

Three Festuca species from Central Spain belonging to the Intravaginales group (Festuca sect. Festuca), i.e. F. rivas-martinezii, F. curvifolia, and F. summilusitana, are studied. The qualitative diagnostic characters are given, and it is demonstrated by means of statistical analyses that the three species are also separated by quantitative characters, particularly the length of the spikelet components and panicle, and the diameter and thickness of the leaf blades. The binomial F. curvifolia is lectotypified and accepted as the correct name for a frequently confused species distributed in the Sierra de Guadarrama and Sierra de Ayllón.

Alchemilla austroitalica from the Aspromonte area in S Italy is described as a species new to science and illustrated, and its relationships are discussed. The new species is particularly remarkable as it is the only member of A. sect. Erectae found to the west of the Balkans.

Minuartia glomerata (s.l.) has systematically been studied and because of the considerable affinities found between subsp. glomerata, subsp. macedonica and the Abruzzo (Central Italy) population previously referred to as M. trichocalycina, this latter species is classified as a subspecies of M. glomerata. A description, distribution map and lectotypification of the basionym of M. glomerata subsp. trichocalycina as well as a key to the three subspecies are provided.

An inventory of 466 vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies) from the Vikos-Aoos National Park (NW Greece) is presented, based on recent field work. 187 records are new to the flora of the National Park rising the total number of its vascular plant taxa to c. 800. The principal vegetation patterns are briefly described and their distribution in the area is mapped.

The number of vascular plants known from Mt Vermion equals 1035 taxa, of which 243 are added with the present paper as a result of field studies in 1994 and 1995. 884 taxa have a wider geographical distribution, 117 are Balkan endemics (18 are new records) and 34 are Greek endemics (8 are new records). Taraxacum dialeptum, T. terenodes, T. viale, T. gracilens, and Sesleria albicans subsp. angustifolia, endemics to the Balkans and Greece respectively, are also new records for N Central Greece.

The distribution of the aromatic species Salvia fruticosa on the island of Crete (S Greece) is presented in a grid map. Discriminant analyses of the variation in morphological features and essential oil content of 34 S. fruticosa populations from all over the distributional range on the island reveal that both the morphological and chemical variation form a W-E directed cline.

28 phanerogams of various families, from the mountains of Gerania, Pateras, Kitheron, Pastra and Elikon (SE Sterea Ellas, Greece) are cytologically studied. The chromosome numbers of 13 taxa (Aristolochia microstoma, Asperula baenitzii, A. pulvinaris, A. rigidula, Centaurea subsericans, Conium divaricatum, Johrenia distans, Peucedanum vittijugum subsp. vittijugum, Scorzonera serpentinica, Thlaspi pindicum, Thymus parnassicus, Th. teucrioides subsp. candilicus, and Verbascum boissieri) are presented for the first time. In addition, Greek populations of 11 taxa are cytologically examined for the first time. Mitotic metaphase photomicrographs and/or karyograms are presented for the majority of taxa studied. Brief comments are given on the karyotype morphology, cytogeography and relationships of selected taxa.

Aeonium ciliatum, a local endemic of Tenerife, Canary Islands, has long been merged with a different species from the island of La Palma. Based on an analysis of the type and other material, its actual identity is clarified, and a revised description, an illustration and a comparison with related and easily confused species is provided.

While preparing a revision of the African species of Amorphophallus some new taxa have been recognized. A. barthlottii (Ivory Coast and Liberia), A. canaliculatus (Gabon), A. hetterscheidii (Gabon, Zaire and Central African Republic), A. impressus (Tanzania and Malawi), A. margretae (Zaire), A. richardsiae (Zambia), A. abyssinicus subsp. akeassii (Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria), and A calabaricus subsp. mayoi (Zaire, Uganda and Kenya) are described as new to science.

Rubia danaensis, Micromeria danaensis, and Silene danaensis from sandstone and limestone outcrops of the Dana Reserve, SW Jordan, are described as species new to science, illustrated, and compared with their closest relatives. The heterogeneous Teucrium leucocladum is subdivided into three subspecies and two varieties, of which subsp. sinaicum, subsp. jordanicum and subsp. leucocladum var. glandulosum are described as new to science. Five taxa, i.e. Clypeola jonthlaspi subsp. microcarpa var. glabra, Hypericum sinaicum, Plantago sinaica, Veronica panormitana subsp. baradostensis, and V. polifolia are new records for the ‘Flora Palaestina’ area, and seven taxa, i.e. Alcea galilaea, Linum toxicum, Reaumuria negevensis, Saxifraga hederacea, Stachys zoharyana, Teucrium montbretii, and Typha elephantina are new records for Jordan.

Two taxa of the Setaria verticillata complex can be readily distinguished in Israel: the diploid pantropical S. adhaerens (usually referred to as S. verticillata) is common as a weed, the polyploid temperate actual S. verticillata s.str. is a rare adventitious taxon, reported from Israel for the first time.

Astragalus serpentinicola from the vicinity of Burdur in SW Anatolia, Turkey, is described as a species new to science, illustrated, and compared to A. aydosensis and A. pelliger, the only other members of A. sect. Sisyrophorus.

Salsola canescens subsp. serpentinicola from the Sandras Daği and adjacent mountains is described as a subspecies new to science and illustrated, and its ecology as well as phytogeography is considered. The new subspecies differs from subsp. canescens by longer anther appendages, glabrous tepals, and subulate, glaucous leaves with sparse ciliate indumentum. It is restricted to open plant communities on serpentinic rocks at altitudes of 1500–2000 m. The new taxon is the first true serpentinophyte in the genus Salsola, and has, probably, derived from subsp. canescens during the Pleistocene.

The chromosome numbers of six Alchemilla species from NE Anatolia, Turkey, belonging to A. sect. Alchemilla ser. Calycinae and ser. Elatae, respectively, are presented for the first time. Alchemilla ancerensis has 2n = 86–96, A. cimilensis 2n = 64–75, A. elevitensis 2n = 84–102, A. hemsinica 2n = 72–80, A. ikizdereensis 2n = 101–108, and A. kackarensis 2n = 66–76.

The discovery of a new grass species in the Western Toros range in SW Anatolia is reported. Poa akmanii, belonging to the Poa bulbosa complex, is described as a species new to science, illustrated and compared to Poa timoleontis, Poa pelasgis and Poa trichophylla.

Ornithogalum gabrielianae (O. subg. Ornithogalum s.l.) from Mount Aragatz, Armenia, is described as a species new to science, illustrated, and compared to its allies O. hyrcanum and O. bungei.

The genus Pluchea in Australia is revised. Six endemic species, i.e., P. baccharoides, P. dentex, P. dunlopii, P. ferdinandi-muelleri, P. rubelliflora, P. tetranthera and one non-endemic species, P. indica, are recognized. A key to the genera of the Australian Plucheeae and a key to the Pluchea species in Australia are provided, descriptions of the species, illustrations, chromosome numbers (first records for P. dentex and P. rubelliflora: 2n = 20) and a distribution map are presented.

Izabalaea excelsa (Nyctaginaceae) is transferred to Agonandra (Opiliaceae). Because the name A. excelsa already exists and applies to a different species, a substitute name is proposed: A. goldbergiana. A. conzattii is treated as subspecies of A. obtusifolia, A. obtusifolia subsp. conzattii.

In preparation of the Syngonanthus account for the Flora of the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Syngonanthus sect. Dimorphocaulon is relegated to synonymy under Syngonanthus sect. Syngonanthus, three species names are lectotypified, and nine names of species and infraspecific taxa described from the Serra do Cipó are placed in synonymy.

Lectotypes are designated for the names of nine Andean Poa species described by Pilger. No holotype was indicated by the author for both Poa gymnantha and P. humillima, and the holotypes of P. candamoana, P. carazensis, P. chamaeclinos, P. fibrifera, P. gilgiana, P. horridula, and P. pardoana at B were destroyed in 1943. Analytical drawings based on the lectotypes are presented for all nine species.

An inventory of 191 bryophytes from the Durmitor National Park (Montenegro) is presented, based on literature records and a recent collection of 211 numbers made by members of the Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Belgrade. 19 taxa (nine liverworts and ten mosses) are reported for the first time from the area, including nine species (four liverworts and five mosses) new to Montenegro. Previous literature records have critically been revised with respect to the current taxonomy and nomenclature.

Thirty-six lichen taxa are reported from Kerkira. Of these, nine taxa are new to Greece, namely Anthracocarpon virescens, Bactrospora patellarioides var. convexa, Gyalecta derivata, G. truncigena, Lecania koerberiana, Leptogium subtile, Opegrapha vulgata, Parmelia subrudecta, and Phaeophyscia hirsuta, and twelve taxa are new to Kerkira.

Label information is presented for 50 lichen collections from Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guyana, Mexico, Uruguay and Venezuela, which form the third fascicle of this series of exsiccata. Included is isotype material of Graphis koreaiensis and Porina tetralocularis.

Original material of five Aichryson species described by Carl Bolle in 1859 has been traced in the Berlin herbarium (B). Out of this material, lectotypes of Bolle's names Aichryson bollei, A. parlatorei, A. pachycaulon, A. parviflorum and A. porphyrogennetos are chosen.