A first record of Zanthoxylum rolandii for Hispaniola is given and discussed. Z. rolandii is closely related to Z. arnoldii and both belong to a group of six species, previously known from Cuba only, with small phyllodes and 0-2(very rarely 3) small leaflets. Flowers, fruits and seeds of Z. haitiense are analysed for the first time and illustrated. The flowers have a five-merous perianth and the fruits are aggregated of (l-)2(-3) modified follicles. The dehiscence of the follicles is pericarpic-semivalvate to pericarpic-bivalvate; seeds are dangling on the vascular bundle of the placenta. A distribution map of Z. arnoldii, Z. haitense and Z. rolandii is provided.
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