The variation in Elymus caninus in NW Europe is briefly discussed. On the one hand, three short-awned taxa described from this area, with the epithets donianus, behmii and muticus, are considered to be conspecific with the long-awned E. caninus var. caninus. The three taxa represent morphologically deviating populations, which are best treated at varietal level, if desirable to recognize them at all. They are, however, doubtfully distinct from each other. On the other hand, the Icelandic populations of E. caninus have been shown to be morphologically, geographically, reproductively and genetically deviating from all other investigated populations of this species. Hence, they are described here as a new species, E. alopex. A key to the accepted non-littoral Elymus taxa in NW Europe is provided.
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