Cuba is an important centre of diversity of the genus Plinia. The study of Cuban Plinia material, in the herbaria and in the field, resulted in the recognition of 16 morphologically discrete taxa. Seven of them are presented here: those growing in, and endemic to, the Pinar del Río province in W Cuba. One is described as a new species, P. arenicola, known from a single locality in the southwestern part of the province, where it is confined to quartzitic sand habitats. One of the seven previously described species, P. toscanosia, is reduced to synonymy under P. dermatodes.