Ten new species of Muricidae Rafinesque, 1815 are described from material collected during expeditions in Madagascar. Five species are described from the Extreme South: Vokesimurex rectaspira n. sp., Timbellus goniodes n. sp., Flexopteron akainakares n. sp., Murexsul mananteninaensis n. sp. and Typhinellus constrictus n. sp.; four from the Northwest: Vokesimurex aliquantulus n. sp., Timbellus pannuceus n. sp., Typhinellus laminatus n. sp. and Siphonochelus (Siphonochelus) aethomorpha n. sp.; and a single species, Bouchetia wareni n. sp., is described from both the Extreme South and the Northwest and is also reported from Mayotte. Similar species from Madagascar, Mozambique and from other regions of the Indo-West Pacific are compared. The radulae of Vokesimurex rectaspira n. sp., Flexopteron akainakares n. sp., Flexopteron primanova (Houart, 1985) and Bouchetia vaubanensis Houart, 1986 are illustrated.