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7 March 2019 Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Piotr Gąsiorek , Witold Morek , Daniel Stec , Brian Blagden , Łukasz Michalczyk
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Abstract

Tardigrades constituting the order Parachela are characterised by a generally uniform, worm-like external morphology. Taxa with larger, well-pronounced dorsal cuticular protuberances, tubercles and spines are found in seven genera representing various evolutionary lineages within Hypsibioidea and Isohypsibioidea: Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928 (Calohypsibiidae), Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 (Microhypsibiidae), Ramazzottius Binda & Pilato, 1986 (Ramazzottiidae), Hypsibius Ehrenberg, 1848 and Pilatobius Bertolani, Guidetti, Marchioro, Altiero, Rebecchi & Cesari, 2014 (Hypsibiidae), and Doryphoribius Pilato, 1969 and Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928 (Isohypsibiidae). Here, we present the first integrative analysis of a rare eutardigrade species, Calohypsibius verrucosus (Richters, 1900), classified until now within the superfamily Hypsibioidea. The species, having a strongly sculptured cuticle, only superficially resembles Calohypsibius but the modified Isohypsibius-type claws and the morphology of the buccal apparatus place it in a different genus, Fractonotus. The genus is currently classified within the family Microhypsibiidae and superfamily Hypsibioidea, but the first molecular data for Fractonotus show that it should be transferred to the family Isohypsibiidae within the superfamily Isohypsibioidea. We also show ontogenetic variability in cuticle morphology, which, together with the high intraspecific variability of F. verrucosus n. comb., allowed us to designate Calohypsibius placophorus (da Cunha, 1943) as a junior synonym of the former species. Furthermore, an analysis of type specimens of Isohypsibius gilvus Biserov, 1986 demonstrated its affinity to the revised Fractonotus. Finally, the diagnoses for Microhypsibiidae, Calohypsibiidae, Calohypsibius and Fractonotus are amended and claw morphology is suggested as a key trait for disentangling phyletic affinities within Isohypsibiidae sensu lato.

© Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
Piotr Gąsiorek , Witold Morek , Daniel Stec , Brian Blagden , and Łukasz Michalczyk "Revisiting Calohypsibiidae and Microhypsibiidae: Fractonotus Pilato, 1998 and its phylogenetic position within Isohypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)," Zoosystema 41(1), 71-89, (7 March 2019). https://doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2019v41a6
Received: 11 January 2018; Accepted: 22 May 2018; Published: 7 March 2019
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KEYWORDS
Bucco-pharyngeal apparatus
claws
cuticle
morphology
new combinations
new synonyms
phylogeny
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