Taxonomic data and morphological descriptions are provided for all described species of Neotropical Blastobasinae (Coleophoridae). Photographs of imagos, illustrations of male and female genitalia, and keys are presented for the first time. Accounts for each species include complete synonymy, diagnosis, redescription, type information, distribution, and hosts. Fourteen new lectotypes are designated. A checklist is provided for efficient retrieval of species placement within genera. Three new synonymies, 44 new combinations, and two revised statuses are proposed; one species is transferred to another family within Gelechioidea.