The production of small grains in the United States is an important aspect of the nation’s economy. However, several insect and mite pests attack small-grain plants in the field, causing serious losses in grain yield and quality. Some of these pests can be controlled by chemical pesticides, but there are often serious economic and environmental problems associated with this practice. The ideal method of managing small-grain pests is through the use of resistant cultivars. Some small-grain pests are already managed this way, and cultivars resistant to other pests will be available in the future. The benefits of managing small-grain pests with resistant cultivars are tremendous. In this chapter, we discuss the current and potential benefits of managing 6 arthropod pests of small grains with resistant cultivars.