The genus Diphyscium (Diphysciaceae, Bryophyta) has three species in the Hunan Province of China: D. fulvifolium Mitt., D. mucronifolium Mitt, and D. chiapense D.H. Norris subsp. unipapillosum (Deguchi) T.-Y. Chiang & S.-H. Lin. Diphyscium fulvifolium is clearly the most common species. The other two taxa are reported for the first time from Hunan, and D. chiapense subsp. unipapillosum also from Jiangxi; in China, it was previously known only from Taiwan. The three species are illustrated in line drawings. A previous record of D. foliosum (Hedw.) Mohr was based on a misidentified specimen and the species is thus excluded from the flora of Hunan.