Staurogyne caobangensis D.V. Hai & Joongku Lee (Acanthaceae), a new species from Vietnam is described and illustrated. It has a densely-flowered inflorescence and several unique features of bracts, bracteoles, calyx and fruits. It is morphologically similar to S. chapaensis, S. petelotii and S. sesamoides. Illustrations, description, ecology, and habitat information of the new species as well as an identification key to the Vietnamese species of Staurogyne are provided.