In healthy human pregnancies, placental growth factor (PGF) concentrations rise in maternal plasma during early gestation, peak over Weeks 26–30, then decline. Because PGF in nongravid subjects participates in protection against and recovery from cardiac pathologies, we asked if PGF contributes to pregnancy-induced maternal cardiovascular adaptations. Cardiovascular function and structure were evaluated in virgin, pregnant, and postpartum C56BL/6-Pgf−/− (Pgf−/−) and C57BL/6-Pgf / (B6) mice using plethysmography, ultrasound, quantitative PCR, and cardiac and renal histology. Pgf−/− females had higher systolic blood pressure in early and late pregnancy but an extended, abnormal midpregnancy interval of depressed systolic pressure. Pgf−/− cardiac output was lower than gestation day (gd)-matched B6 after midpregnancy. While Pgf−/− left ventricular mass was greater than B6, only B6 showed the expected gestational gain in left ventricular mass. Expression of vasoactive genes in the left ventricle differed at gd8 with elevated Nos expression in Pgf−/− but not at gd14. By gd16, Pgf−/− kidneys were hypertrophic and had glomerular pathology. This study documents for the first time that PGF is associated with the systemic maternal cardiovascular adaptations to pregnancy.
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23 December 2014
Placental Growth Factor Influences Maternal Cardiovascular Adaptation to Pregnancy in Mice
Kristiina L. Aasa,
Bruno Zavan,
Rayana L. Luna,
Philip G. Wong,
Nicole M. Ventura,
M. Yat Tse,
Peter Carmeliet,
Michael A. Adams,
Stephen C. Pang,
B. Anne Croy
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Biology of Reproduction
Vol. 92 • No. 2
February 2015
Vol. 92 • No. 2
February 2015
cardiac remodeling
cardiovascular risk
fetal growth
placenta
ultrasound