This checklist of the cacti of Hispaniola and adjacent islands accepts 43 native taxa (42 species and one inter-generic hybrid) in 15 genera and one hybrid genus (×Opulea, Consolea × Opuntia). A total of 27 of the 42 species (64%) are endemic to Hispaniola, indicating a high degree of endemism. An additional three non-native but naturalised species are encountered on Hispaniola and are briefly discussed. Species only found under cultivation in gardens are ignored. For each native species, the following are supplied: type designations, selected synonyms, a description, habitat and locality data, conservation status (IUCN Red list Category), and distribution maps. All but one species is illustrated. A key to the genera and keys for genera with more than one species are included. A further six names are noted which are said to have originated from Hispaniola but cannot be assigned to one of the accepted species. The new species Consolea intermedia is described. One neotype and six lectotypes are designated.