The 1st gonapophysis of species in the genus Neoplea Esaki and China, 1928, includes a pattern of spurs that aids in depositing eggs into plant tissue. Within each species the pattern of spurs is relatively consistent, especially toward the apical end. Thus, there is taxonomic value in the morphology of this structure. Many of the currently known species of Neoplea can be identified using only the 1st gonapophysis, although intraspecific variation exists and characteristics may overlap in closely related species. All Neoplea species whose 1st gonaphphyses are known are described and illustrated.