We designate a neotype for Rhopalosiphum laconaeTaber 1993 and synonymize it with Rhopalosiphum enigmae Hottes and Frison 1931 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on geographic, morphological, and molecular evidence. We list 16 new state/province records and provide notes on morphology and natural history for R. enigmae. Additionally, we review and include new ant and parasitoid associates of Rhopalosiphum Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae).