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Based on the existing literature on scientific and technological innovation capability, this paper first analyzed the connotation and constituent elements of scientific and technological innovation capability, and constructed an evaluation index system of scientific and technological innovation capabilities that meet China's high-quality development requirements; Then, by introducing the maximum deviation method and the minimum variance method to determine the weight of the evaluation index and the time weight respectively, and selecting 31 provinces in China as the research object. This paper, with the help of a multi-stage TOPSIS method, evaluated the regional scientific and technological innovation capabilities based on a dynamic perspective. The research results show that the regional scientific and technological innovation capabilities in China are generally higher in the eastern coastal regions, while the six central provinces are generally innovated, while the western regions have a relatively low level of innovation, and the overall degree of spatial correlation is continuously expanding.