With the rapid development of advanced reproductive technology (ART), embryologists have risen in stature. The basic ART techniques were promoted in Japan by a number of physicians who studied this new technology abroad; however, since the first successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection in 1992, the performance of these techniques abruptly changed from physicians to embryologists. In Japan, although we recognize that embryologists are essential members of an ART team, their aspects of background is limited. Therefore, here is described some states for embryologists in regard to factors such as regulation, certification, and salary.