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22 June 2020 Lethal Effects of a Silica Gel + Pyrethrins (Drione) on Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Larvae and Nymphs
Allan T. Showler, Abigail R. Garcia, Ryan M. Caesar
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Abstract

Ixodids (hard ticks) ingest blood from host animals, and they can transmit pathogenic organisms that induce medical and veterinary diseases. As resistance to synthetic conventional acaricides becomes more common, alternative tactics are coming under heightened scrutiny. Laboratory bioassays were used to assess the efficacy of CimeXa, a commercially available silica gel desiccant dust product, and Drione, a commercial product containing silica gel + pyrethrins and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide, against lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Ixodida: Ixodidae), larvae and nymphs. Both life stages were completely killed by CimeXa by 24 h, and Drione caused total larval mortality within 1 h when they were briefly immersed in the dusts and when they crawled across dust-treated substrate; nymphs were completely killed by 4 h after the same kinds of exposure. Mortality of A. americanum larvae and nymphs occurred after the pests crawled across dried aqueous suspensions of the products, but this was not as efficient and fast-acting as when the immature life stages were exposed to dry dusts. Further, dried aqueous suspensions of Drione were not substantially more lethal than dried aqueous suspensions of CimeXa. CimeXa and Drione will provide prophylactic control on vegetation and animals for as long as the silica gel remains without being physically removed. Both of the dust-based products will likely also be effective against other problematic ixodid species. Advantages and disadvantages, and potential uses, of desiccant dust-based acaricides are discussed.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America 2020. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
Allan T. Showler, Abigail R. Garcia, and Ryan M. Caesar "Lethal Effects of a Silica Gel + Pyrethrins (Drione) on Amblyomma americanum (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Larvae and Nymphs," Journal of Medical Entomology 57(6), 1864-1871, (22 June 2020). https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa119
Received: 20 April 2020; Accepted: 22 May 2020; Published: 22 June 2020
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KEYWORDS
acaricide
control
desiccant
dust
lone star tick
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