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20 April 2021 Insecticide Resistance Patterns and Mechanisms in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations Across Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Reveal Emergent Pyrethroid Resistance
Lucien Yao Konan, Welbeck Achille Oumbouke, Urbain Garhapié Silué, Ibrahima Zanakoungo Coulibaly, Jean-Claude Tokou Ziogba, Raphael Kouassi N'Guessan, Daouda Coulibaly, Joseph Bi Vroh Bénié, Audrey Lenhart
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Abstract

From 2008 to 2017, the city of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire experienced several Aedes-borne disease epidemics which required control of the vector mosquito population based on the reduction of larval habitats and insecticidal sprays for adult mosquitoes.This study was undertaken to assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in the city of Abidjan. Immature Ae. aegypti were sampled from several larval habitats within seven communes of Abidjan and reared to adults.Three to five days old F1 emerged adults were tested for susceptibility using insecticide-impregnated papers and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) following WHO bioassay guidelines. The results showed that Ae. aegypti populations from Abidjan were resistant to 0.1% propoxur, and 1% fenitrothion, with mortality rates ranging from 0% to 54.2%. Reduced susceptibility (93.4–97.5% mortality) was observed to 0.05% deltamethrin, 0.75% permethrin, 0.05% lambda-cyhalothrin, 5% malathion, and 0.8% chlorpyrifos-methyl. This reduced susceptibility varied depending on the insecticide and the collection site. The restoration of mortality when the mosquitoes were pre-exposed to the synergist PBO suggests that increased activity of oxidases could be contributing to resistance. Three kdr mutations (V410L, V1016I, and F1534C) were present in populations tested, with low frequencies for the Leu410 (0.28) and Ile1016 (0.32) alleles and high frequencies for the Cys1534 allele (0.96). These findings will be used to inform future arbovirus vector control activities in Abidjan.

© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Lucien Yao Konan, Welbeck Achille Oumbouke, Urbain Garhapié Silué, Ibrahima Zanakoungo Coulibaly, Jean-Claude Tokou Ziogba, Raphael Kouassi N'Guessan, Daouda Coulibaly, Joseph Bi Vroh Bénié, and Audrey Lenhart "Insecticide Resistance Patterns and Mechanisms in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations Across Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire Reveal Emergent Pyrethroid Resistance," Journal of Medical Entomology 58(4), 1808-1816, (20 April 2021). https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab045
Received: 31 October 2020; Accepted: 25 February 2021; Published: 20 April 2021
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KEYWORDS
Aedes aegypti
arbovirus
Côte d'Ivoire
insecticide resistance
kdr mutation
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