New calcareous foraminifera are described from the uppermost Permian (Changhsingian; about 254–252 million years ago) carbonates of southern Turkey and their evolutionary schemes are discussed within the middle to late Permian time frame. Comprising Retroseptellina, Septoglobivalvulina, and Paraglobivalvulinoides, the Retroseptellininae new subfamily originated in the Wordian with thin and dense microgranular walls and became diverse and abundant in Changhsingian strata. Paraglobivalvulina? intermedia new species gave way to completely involute tests of Paraglobivalvulininae and survived into the Changhsingian. From the class Miliolata, Midiellidae new family is characterized by sigmoidal coiling and Pseudomidiella sahini new species is interpreted as the youngest Changhsingian descendant of this family. Glomomidiellopsis? okayi new species is interpreted as an evolutionary link between Capitanian Hemigordiopsis and Lopingian Glomomidiellopsis and survived into the Changhsingian. In Nodosariata, from the fully coiled Robuloides lineage of Robuloididae, two smaller species, R. lens and R. acutus, are each interpreted as ancestral to additional Changhsingian species. Robuloides lata new species and Plectorobuloides taurica new genus new species most likely originated from R. lens in the Changhsingian. The R. acutus lineage, characterized by the reduction of laterally thickened hyaline wall and the appearance of evolute coiling, yielded Robuloides? rettorii new species in the early Lopingian, and Pseudorobuloides reicheli new genus new species in the Changhsingian. Among the remaining new Changhsingian taxa, Calvezina anatolica new species and Eomarginulinella galinae new species belong to evolutionary lineages of weakly coiled Robuloididae, whereas Pseudocryptomorphina amplimuralis new genus new species requires further study to determine its precise taxonomic placement. From the family Pachyphloiidae, Robustopachyphloia farinacciae new species is a descendant belonging to one of the lineages of Pachyphloia in the Changhsingian. The presence of canal-like pores in the walls of some Pachyphloia specimens is suggestive of a new morphological structure in the evolutionary history of the Changhsingian foraminifera.

Several new foraminiferal taxa are described from the Changhsingian carbonates of southern Turkey, and their evolutionary relationships are discussed within the middle to late Permian time frame. Comprising Retroseptellina, Septoglobivalvulina, and Paraglobivalvulinoides, Retroseptellininae n. subfam. originated in the Wordian with thin and dense microgranular walls and became diverse and abundant in Changhsingian strata. Paraglobivalvulina? intermedia n. sp. appeared in the late Capitanian, survived into the Changhsingian, and gave way to completely involute tests of Paraglobivalvulininae. From the class Miliolata, Midiellidae n. fam., consisting of Midiella and Pseudomidiella, is characterized by sigmoidal coiling, and Pseudomidiella sahini n. sp. is probably the youngest known Changhsingian descendant. Glomomidiellopsis? okayi n. sp., which is interpreted as an evolutionary link between Capitanian Hemigordiopsis and Lopingian Glomomidiellopsis, survived into the Changhsingian. In the class Nodosariata, from the fully coiled Robuloides lineage of Robuloididae, Robuloides lata n. sp. and Plectorobuloides taurica n. gen. n. sp. most likely originated from R. lens in the Changhsingian. The R. acutus lineage, characterized by the reduction of laterally thickened hyaline wall and the appearance of evolute coiling, yielded Robuloides? rettorii n. sp. and Pseudorobuloides reicheli n. gen. n. sp. Calvezina anatolica n. sp. and Eomarginulinella galinae n. sp. are interpreted to have evolved from weakly coiled lineages in Robuloididae, whereas Pseudocryptomorphina amplimuralis n. gen. n. sp. is a poorly understood taxon and requires further study. Robustopachyphloia farinacciae n. sp. is interpreted as a descendant of some species within the genus Pachyphloia. The presence of canal-like pores in the wall of some Pachyphloia specimens is suggestive of a new morphological structure in the evolutionary history of the Changhsingian foraminifera.