This thesis examines the habitat characteristics of traditional villages in Chongqing and characterises the spatial distribution of these villages through ArcGIS from a macro perspective. In addition, the habitats characteristics and ecological value system of individual traditional villages are explored using typological research method and corresponding comprehensive protection strategies are deeply discussed. The research results show that these villages feature non-equilibrium aggregation, mainly concentrated in higher-altitude regions such as in the southeast, especially in the Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous Region. The landscape pattern of the overall human settlement area of traditional villages in Chongqing has the characteristics of “woodland-terrace-pond-house”, the spatial settlement pattern of “distribution around the terrace”, and the aquatic ecosystem model of “pond-terrace-pond” driven by the potential energy of altitude difference. By analyzing the landscape patterns of human settlements, the ecological value system is summarized. Finally, comprehensive protection strategies for these human settlements are presented, including ensuring the integrity of spatial patterns, respecting ecological laws, making full use of agricultural wisdom and strengthening ecological production symbiosis mechanism