The Asian green mussel Perna viridis, was first detected in Tampa Bay, FL, in 1999 and quickly spread throughout the bay. The long-term population trend of P. viridis from 2002 to 2017 was assessed by monitoring settlement to collectors and bycatch of P. viridis in trawls in Tampa Bay. In addition, a suite of water-quality parameters and trends in predator abundance were modeled to evaluate the effects of these variables on P. viridis in the bay. Since 2002, settlement and bycatch of P. viridis in Tampa Bay has declined by 83% and 62%, respectively, in relation to nitrogen concentrations and productivity fluctuations limiting resource availability and energy acquisition in P. viridis. While Florida stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) landings, Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) landings, and catch per unit effort of C. sapidus in fisheries independent monitoring trawls decreased throughout the study period, C. sapidus landings were the only biotic factor that was significantly related to P. viridis settlement. Temperature and salinity extremes, while not significant parameters in the models, likely negatively affected the distribution and persistence of P. viridis in the bay. Taken together, these findings suggest that conditions within Tampa Bay were not conducive to the large-scale dominance of P. viridis that was predicted when they were first introduced and they currently do not fit the definition of a problematic, invasive species. Conditions have been sufficient for this introduced species to remain established as a relatively minor constituent of the benthic community.