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1 July 2017 Pollen, Phytolith and Starch Analyses of Dryland Soils from Easter Island (Rapa Nui) Show Widespread Vegetation Clearance and Polynesian-Introduced Crops
Mark Horrocks, Troy Baisden, John Flenley, David Feek, Charles Love, Sonia Haoa-Cardinali, Lilian González Nualart, Tahira Edmunds Gorman
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Abstract

To investigate the extent of ancient agriculture on Easter Island, this study examines pollen, phytoliths and starch preserved in dryland soils at 11 sites across the island. Taxa are variably represented by different types of microfossils, with Arecaceae and Poaceae over-represented, and dicotyledons, Cyperaceae and ferns under-represented. Phytoliths show better preservation than pollen. The identification of four Polynesian-introduced cultigens, at seven sites, provides botanical evidence for island-wide horticulture. The cultigens identified, Broussonetia papyrifera, Colocasia esculenta, Ipomoea batatas and Musa sp., have differential representation in microfossil spectra, partly because of variable production of microfossil types and amounts, which could give a false impression of the importance of past species. The identification of phenolic inclusions represents a new microfossil type for C. esculenta. Large differences in microfossil proportions at one of the two high-altitude sites compared with lowaltitude sites provide evidence for impact of the higher altitude climatic conditions on cropping across Easter Island.

© 2016 AASP - The Palynological Society
Mark Horrocks, Troy Baisden, John Flenley, David Feek, Charles Love, Sonia Haoa-Cardinali, Lilian González Nualart, and Tahira Edmunds Gorman "Pollen, Phytolith and Starch Analyses of Dryland Soils from Easter Island (Rapa Nui) Show Widespread Vegetation Clearance and Polynesian-Introduced Crops," Palynology 41(3), 339-350, (1 July 2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2016.1204566
Published: 1 July 2017
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KEYWORDS
ancient agriculture
deforestation
dryland soils
Easter Island
Phytoliths
pollen
starch
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