Descriptions and illustrations of the fifth instars of Onichodon canadensis (Brown, 1940), Onichodon orchesides Newman, 1838, and Onichodon rugicollis (Fall, 1928) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Macraulacini), all endemic in the Nearctic region, are given. These are the first larval descriptions for the genus Onichodon Newman, 1838. The descriptions are based on larvae collected from pieces of rotten wood. Adults for one of the three species were reared from those pieces placed in plastic bags and associated with preserved larvae found earlier in the field. Identity of O. rugicollis larvae were verified through a comparative study with larval exuviae from a previous project. Biological information is provided and larval morphology is briefly discussed among O. canadensis, O. orchesides, O. rugicollis, and other previously described larvae in other genera.