One hundred and eighty-four species of Elateridae in 54 genera are recorded from the state of Montana, representing an increase of 92 species from the 93 species recorded from previously published literature. Distribution within Montana is reported by county and includes 1,724 individual county records. EstimateS® was used to determine inventory completeness and predict the probable number of species expected in the state, which uses a Chao1 estimator. The Chao1 estimator mean predicts another 13 species remain to be discovered in the state. Selected genera are also provided with taxonomic notes that often highlight areas of potential future research and to highlight taxonomic issues or difficulties. The list also includes recently described genera to help establish limits for these new groups. The species concepts of Aeolus livens (LeConte, 1853) and Aeolus mellillus (Say, 1834) are clarified. A new combination, Megapenthes subtilis (LeConte, 1884), new combination, is proposed here. Specimens previously identified as Ampedus subtilis (LeConte) sensu Brooks 1960 are here identified as Ampedus nigricans Germar, 1834.