Leaf and scape anatomy of Allium glandulosum Link & Otto, Allium kunthii G. Don, Allium scaposum Benth., and Allium durangoense Traub were studied comparatively for the first time. The aim was to analyze and provide characters with a possible taxonomic value. The samples collected in the field were processed using a conventional paraffin-embedding technique. Some characteristics of foliar anatomical characters of Amerallium Traub were confirmed. The shape of the blade seen in cross-section presents an obovate depressed shape, except in A. glandulosum, which was obtriangular. Anatomical characteristics of the leaf and scape, such as the prominent cells of the epidermis, the thickening of cells adjacent to the vascular bundles, and the type of cuticle, allow the four species to be differentiated. The presence of papillose cuticle and prominent cells, as well as stomatal occlusive cells with anterior extensions, is reported for the first time for the genus. Leaf and scape anatomy supports the recognition of the four species analyzed.