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KEYWORDS: Aimée Camus, femme botaniste, herbier, Histoire de la botanique, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, orchidées d'Europe, Parc national de Port-Cros, région méditerranéenne, Aimée Camus, female botanist, herbarium, history of botany, National Museum of Natural History, Orchids of Europe, Port-Cros National Park, Mediterranean Region
Comme dans bien d'autres domaines scientifiques, la botanique ne s'est que très tardivement déclinée au féminin. Ce travail présente et discute l'étonnante trajectoire d'une célèbre cantatrice française du début du XXe siècle, Marianne Gougerot-Nicot (1892-1945) qui plonge avec passion dans la botanique dès la fin de sa brillante carrière artistique, en 1920. La botanique va être son exutoire et elle sera l'une des toutes premières femmes en France à confectionner un herbier scientifique, fruit de ses multiples voyages en Europe et en Méditerranée. Elle est aussi la première femme à avoir herborisé aux îles d'Hyères (Var, France) où elle a découvert plusieurs localités de plantes intéressantes. M. Gougerot-Nicot est pourtant totalement tombée dans l'oubli et le lien entre la célèbre cantatrice et la botaniste n'avait jamais été établi au niveau scientifique. Cette contribution vise à éclairer son apport original à la connaissance botanique.
A famous singer who became a botanist: Marianne Gougerot-Nicot (1892-1945) and her herborizations on the Hyères islands (Provence, France).
As in many other scientific fields, botany was only very late in becoming feminine. This work presents and discusses the astonishing trajectory of a famous French singer from the beginning of the 20th century, Marianne Gougerot-Nicot (1892-1945) who plunged with passion into botany from the end of her brilliant artistic career, in 1920. Botany will be her outlet and she will be one of the very first women in France to create a scientific herbarium. However, she was totally forgotten and the link between this famous singer and the botanist had never been established at the scientific level. Mrs Gougerot-Nicot actively herborized between 1922 and 1943 in various regions of Europe and the Mediterranean, in the Alps, on the margins of the Sahara and even as far as Spitzberg. She will improve her floristic knowledge under the guidance of her botanist friend Aimée Camus (1879-1965), an outstanding systematist and the first botanist to have practiced in France as a professional, as a correspondent and then associated with the Phanerogamy Laboratory of the National Museum of Natural History of Paris. Marianne Gougerot-Nicot is also the first woman to have botanized in the Hyères islands (Var, France), going several times to the island of Porquerolles. Her insular field trips led to the discovery of some plant species never reported before, including three species of orchids (Orchis provincialis Balb. ex DC.; Orchis anthropophora (L.) All.; Ophrys araneola Rchb.f.) and a new station of the Requien's Larkspur (Staphisagria picta subsp. requienii (DC.) B.Bock), a very rare subspecies endemic to the Hyères archipelago.
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